Lilium superbum

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:LILIACEAE
Species:Lilium superbum L.
Common Name:Turk's Cap Lily; Lily Royal
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:LISU
Plant Notes:Turk's Cap Lily is a native herbaceous perennial in the Lily family (Liliaceae). It can be found throughout Alabama. Turk's Cap Lily occurs in rich hardwood forests, in floodplain forests, along streams, in seeps, and on wet roadsides. It is a perennial with a scaly bulb. New bulbs are produced on short rhizomes. Stems are 3-8 feet tall, green in color, and unbranched below the inflorescence. The leaves are in 6-24 whorls of 3-20 leaves per whorl along the stem. The leaves are elliptic to oblanceolate in outline, and glabrous. Flowers are produced in terminal racemes. Each raceme has from 1-22 flowers. Individual flowers are pendent, non-fragrant, with 6 reflexed tepals. The tepals are yellow, orange, or reddish in color and spotted with purple-brown spots. There is a green six-pointed “star” in the center of the flower. The stamens are long exserted with purple anthers. The fruit is a capsule with numerous flat, papery, triangular, black seed. Turk's Cap Lily is pollinated by swallowtail butterflies such as the spicebush (Papilio troilus Linnaeus), pipevine (Battus philenor Linnaeus), and eastern tiger (Papilio glaucus Linnaeus). Turk's Cap Lily is sometimes available from native plant nurseries. It prefers full or partial sun, rich loamy soil, and moist conditions. Deer heavily browse this plant, and squirrels and other small rodents will dig up and consume the bulbs. Turk's Cap Lily is listed as an S3 species in Alabama (typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.) and globally as a G5 species (demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery).--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, FACW (NWI), S3 (State Rank), G5 (Global Rank)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyLILIACEAE - Lily family
Genus Lilium
Species Lilium superbum L. - Turk's Cap Lily; Lily Royal

Citation

Citation Lilium superbum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. (ed. 2) 1: 434. 1762.
Basionym: **
Type: Lectotype: "Lilium foliis sparsis, multiflorum, floribus reflexis, fundo aureo, limbo aurantio, punctis nigricantibus, pedunculis singulis unico folio instructis" in Trew, Pl. Select., 2, t. 11, 1751. Lectotypified by Reveal in Jarvis (ed.), Order out of Chaos : 633, fig. 2007.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Lilium canadense subsp. superbum Lilium canadense Linnaeus, subsp. superbum (Linnaeus) Baker, Gard. Chron. 1871: 1165. 1871.Lilium superbum Linnaeus 1762. 
Lilium gazarubrum Lilium gazarubrum Roane & M. K. Henry, Quart. Bull. N. Amer. Lily Soc. 34(1): 28-29. 1980.  
Lilium mary-henryae Lilium mary-henryae Roane & M. K. Henry, Quart. Bull. N. Amer. Lily Soc. 34(1): 26-27. 1980.  

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Baldwin, Bullock, Butler, Chilton, Choctaw, Conecuh, Crenshaw, Escambia, Henry, Jackson, Macon, Marengo, Randolph, Russell, Shelby, Sumter, Tallapoosa

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AMAL, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1980 - 1994

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
UWAL0030147 Marengo 08 Jul 2013 England, J. Kevin
4374		 UWAL
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_39921 Conecuh 14 Jul 1983 Diamond, Alvin R.
 AUA
Lilium Superbum L.
AUA_ACC_16641 Macon 15 Aug 1965 Koelling, Alfred C.
S.N.		 AUA
Lilium Superbum L.
TROY000029214 Butler 25 Jul 2009 Diamond, Alvin R.
20841		 TROY
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UWAL0033729 Marengo 24 Jul 2016 Keener, Brian R.
9739		 UWAL
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UWAL0039838 Butler 13 Aug 2016 Diamond, Alvin R.
27611		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
JSU129297 Russell 13 Jul 1978 Kral, Robert
62295		 JSU
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
TROY000051335 Sumter 24 Jul 2016 Keener, Brian R.
9738		 TROY
Lilium superbum L.
AUA_ACC_55358 Shelby 15 Jun 1993 Diamond, Alvin R.
8672		 AUA
Lilium Superbum L.
UWAL0016761 Crenshaw 19 Jul 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
25348		 UWAL
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
TROY000011192 Butler 26 Jul 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
17823		 TROY
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
TROY000042744 Choctaw 25 Jul 2013 England, J. Kevin
4431		 TROY
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UNA00073687 Choctaw 25 Jul 2013 England, J. Kevin
4431		 UNA
Lilium superbum L.
JSU129298 Russell 13 Jul 1978 Kral, Robert
62295		 JSU
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UWAL0014731 Choctaw 25 Jul 2013 England, J. Kevin
4431		 UWAL
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UWAL0052397 Butler 27 Jul 2017 Keener, Brian R.
10311		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
TROY000041615 Crenshaw 26 Jul 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
25378		 TROY
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_39922 Conecuh 1 Jul 1983 Diamond, Alvin R.
 AUA
Lilium Superbum L.
UNA00007446 Jackson 05 Jul 1980 Haynes, Robert R.
7993		 UNA
Lilium superbum L.
UNA00023517 Escambia 16 Aug 1994 Haynes, Robert R.
9470		 UNA
Lilium superbum L.
TROY000036045 Bullock 13 Jul 2012 Dykes, Bailee
989		 TROY
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UWAL0018937 Marengo 25 Jul 2014 Keener, Brian R.
8541		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
UWAL0052400 Crenshaw 27 Jul 2017 Keener, Brian R.
10312		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
UWAL0033730 Marengo 24 Jul 2016 Keener, Brian R.
9739		 UWAL
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_48747 Henry 28 Jul 1988 Diamond, Alvin R.
5308		 AUA
Lilium Superbum L.
TROY000011193 Butler 15 Jul 2006 Diamond, Alvin R.
16690		 TROY
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
TROY000032776 Bullock 20 Jul 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
22364		 TROY
Lillium superbum Linnaeus
UNA00023516 Escambia 16 Aug 1994 Haynes, Robert R.
9470		 UNA
Lilium superbum L.
TROY000040662 Crenshaw 19 Jul 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
25348		 TROY
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UWAL0016665 Crenshaw 26 Jul 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
25378		 UWAL
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UWAL0052394 Butler 27 Jul 2017 Keener, Brian R.
10311		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
UWAL0011022 Crenshaw 14 Jul 2012 Diamond, Alvin R.
23170		 UWAL
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_47384 Randolph 2 Aug 1973 Russell, Robin
215		 AUA
Lilium Superbum L.
TROY000035297 Crenshaw 14 Jul 2012 Diamond, Alvin R.
23170		 TROY
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UWAL0013823 Crenshaw 28 Jul 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
24405		 UWAL
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_56459 Butler 12 Aug 1995 Diamond, Alvin R.
9836		 AUA
Lilium Superbum L.
UWAL0052399 Crenshaw 27 Jul 2017 Keener, Brian R.
10312		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
UWAL0033731 Sumter 24 Jul 2016 Keener, Brian R.
9738		 UWAL
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_30538 Macon 1 Jul 1976 Freeman, John D.
S.N.		 AUA
Lilium Superbum L.
UWAL0004723 Sumter 26 Jul 2007 Keener, Brian R.
3776		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
SAMF0001708 Chilton 30 Jul 2013 Davenport, Lawrence J.
5524		 SAMF
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UWAL0052395 Butler 27 Jul 2017 Keener, Brian R.
10311		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
UWAL0052398 Crenshaw 27 Jul 2017 Keener, Brian R.
10312		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
UWAL0017844 Baldwin 13 Aug 1973 Kral, Robert
51222		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
TROY000037244 Crenshaw 28 Jul 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
24405		 TROY
Lilium superbum Linnaeus
UNA00065796 Butler 15 Jul 2006 Diamond, Alvin R.
16690		 UNA
Lilium superbum L.
ALNHS00004693 Bullock 27 Jul 2016 Soehren, Eric C.
375		 ALNHS
Lilium superbum L.
UWAL0052396 Butler 27 Jul 2017 Keener, Brian R.
10311		 UWAL
Lilium superbum L.
AUA_ACC_5337 Tallapoosa 17 Jul 1968 Grimes, Jr., E.S.
 AUA
Lilium Superbum L.
AMAL00019026 Bullock 16 Jul 2010 Soehren, Eric C.
s.n.		 AMAL
Lilium superbum L.
UNA00007452 Jackson 05 Jul 1980 Haynes, Robert R.
7993		 UNA
Lilium superbum L.
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