Eleocharis quadrangulata

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:CYPERACEAE
Species:Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roem. & Schult.
Common Name:Square Stem Spikerush
Habitat:Margins of shallow brackish and freshwater systems.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:**
Plant Notes:Square Stem Spikerush is a native herbaceous perennial in the Sedge family (Cyperaceae). It can be found throughout Alabama. Square Stem Spikerush occurs around the margins of brackish and freshwater ponds, marshes, and lakes, often growing in shallow water. It is a perennial from a rhizome. The stems are erect, 4-angled, spongy, 2-3 feet in height, non-septate, and green in color. The internal transverse septa are incomplete. Leaves are 2 and basal. They are mostly reduced to persistent leaf sheaths, only rarely with a small blade-like portion at the apex of the sheath. Flowers are produced in terminal spikes that are not thicker than the stem. The spikes are cylindric and up to 5 cm in length. Individual flowers have 6-7 minutely retrorsely spinulose perianth bristles that are unequal in length and shorter than to equal the length of the achene. The achene is yellowish-brown in color, obovate in outline, with 19-38 rows of transversely elongated cells. The tubercle is deltoid and dark brown in color. Square Stem Spikerush is occasionally available from nurseries that specialize in aquatic plants. It can be grown as an emergent in outdoor pools.—A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, OBL (NWI), G4 (Global Rank)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyCYPERACEAE - Sedge family
Genus Eleocharis
Species Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. - Square Stem Spikerush

Citation

Citation Eleocharis tuberculosa (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis. 2: 152. 1817.
Basionym: Scirpus tuberculosus Michx. 1803.
Type: "Carolina"

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Eleocharis quadrangulata var. typica Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes, var. typica Fernald, Rhodora 37: 393. 1935, nom. inadmiss.Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes 1817; Scirpus quadrangulatus Michaux 1803. 
Scirpus albomarginatus Scirpus albomarginatus Schultes, Mant. 2: 74. 1824.Scirpus marginatus Muhlenberg 1817, non Thunberg 1794. 
Scirpus marginatus Scirpus marginatus Muhlenberg, Descr. Gram. 28. 1817, non Thunberg 1794.  
Scirpus quadrangulatus Scirpus quadrangulatus Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 30. 1803. "Carolina"
Eleocharis quadrangulata var. crassior Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes, var. crassior Fernald, Rhodora 37: 393. 1935. MASSACHUSETTS: Norfolk Co.: Waban Lake, Wellesley, 3 Oct 1908, Fernald & Wiegand 133 (holotype: GH).

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Baldwin, Barbour, Bullock, Calhoun, Cleburne, Colbert, Dale, DeKalb, Elmore, Etowah, Hale, Jackson, Lawrence, Lee, Madison, Marshall, Mobile, Morgan, St. Clair, Sumter, Talladega, Wilcox

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1885 - 1983

Barcode / Accession No.
County
Coll. Date
Collector &
Collection No.
Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used
Image
USAM000004879 Baldwin 13 Dec 1980 LeLong, Michel G.
11924		 USAM
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes
USAM000004877 Baldwin 13 Dec 1980 LeLong, Michel G.
11924		 USAM
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes
USAM000004883 Baldwin 13 Dec 1980 LeLong, Michel G.
11924		 USAM
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes
USAM000004878 Baldwin 22 May 1981 LeLong, Michel G.
12012		 USAM
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes
USAM000004874 Baldwin 22 May 1981 LeLong, Michel G.
12012		 USAM
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes
USAM000004882 Baldwin 22 May 1981 LeLong, Michel G.
12012		 USAM
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes
USAM000004881 Baldwin 22 May 1981 LeLong, Michel G.
12012		 USAM
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes
UNA00002515 Baldwin 24 Sep 1983 Haynes, Robert R.
8724		 UNA
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes
UWAL0043027 Baldwin 05 Sep 2003 Larsen, Harry S.
1321		 UWAL
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) R & S
ALNHS00001367 Baldwin 25 Jul 2012 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#740		 ALNHS
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes
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