Viola arvensis

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:VIOLACEAE
Species:Viola arvensis Murray
Common Name:European Field Pansy; Field Violet
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Annual
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:VIAR
Plant Notes:European Field Pansy is an introduced herbaceous annual in the Violet family (Violaceae). It is native to Europe, Asia, and Africa. In Alabama it has been collected in scattered areas across the state. European Field Pansy occurs on roadsides, in pastures, and in lawns. It is an annual with a tap root. The roots have the odor of wintergreen when crushed. Stems are erect, branched, green in color, and glabrous or pubescent. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, ovate to lanceolate in outline, pubescent along the major veins on the lower side, and with coarsely toothed margins. The leaves are subtended by large palmately lobed stipules, with the central lobe lanceolate and nearly as long as the leaf blade. Flowers are solitary from the axils of the leaves. Each flower has 5 white to pale yellow petals. The lower petal has a dark yellow spot at its base and purple veins. The fruit is a capsule. European Field Pansy is occasionally included in “wildflower” seed mixes. European Field Pansy contains the peptide cycloviolacin O2 which has anti-cancer properties and is being investigated as a potential drug.—A. Diamond.
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Not Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyVIOLACEAE - Violet family
Genus Viola
Species Viola arvensis Murray - European Field Pansy; Field Violet

Citation

Citation Viola arvensis Murray, Prodr. Stirp. Gott. 73. 1770.
Basionym: **
Type: **

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Mnemion arvense Mnemion arvense (Murray) Nieuwl. & Kaczm., American Midland Naturalist 3: 217. 1914.Viola arvensis Murray, Prodromus Designationis Stirpium Gottingensium 73. 1770. 
Viola tricolor var. arvensis Viola tricolor L. var. arvensis (Murray) DC., Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 1: 303. 1824.Viola arvensis Murray, Prodromus Designationis Stirpium Gottingensium 73. 1770. 

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Barbour, Choctaw, Lee, Marshall, Montgomery, Pike, Tallapoosa

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, TROY, UNA, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: -

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
AUA_ACC_3475 Lee 21 May 1950 Duncan, Tom H.
 AUA
Viola Arvensis Murr.
AUA_ACC_11195 Lee 1 May 1963 Rogers, Ken E.
 AUA
Viola Arvensis Murr.
UWAL0053211 Marshall 22 Apr 2021 Keener, Brian R.
12187		 UWAL
Viola arvensis Murray
AUA000043823 Lee 18 Apr 2018 Taylor, Chris T.
CSP-157		 AUA
Viola Arvensis Murr.
UWAL0002886 Montgomery 20 Mar 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
21786		 UWAL
Viola arvensis Murray
AUA_ACC_3476 Lee 6 May 1950 Moore, William H.
 AUA
Viola Arvensis Murr.
UNA00073355 Choctaw 19 Feb 2009 Keener, Brian R.
5029		 UNA
Viola arvensis Murr.
AUA_ACC_3473 Lee May 1950 Davis, Donald E.
 AUA
Viola Arvensis Murr.
TROY000032063 Pike 04 Mar 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
21763		 TROY
Viola arvensis Murray
AUA_ACC_7684 Lee 30 Mar 1960 Jones, Jr., Samuel B.
183		 AUA
Viola Arvensis Murr.
ALNHS00003218 Tallapoosa 11 May 2015 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#1833		 ALNHS
Viola arvensis Murr.
UWAL0002784 Pike 04 Mar 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
21763		 UWAL
Viola arvensis Murray
AUA_ACC_3474 Lee 30 Apr 1950 Davis, James R.
 AUA
Viola Arvensis Murr.
AUA_ACC_3477 Lee 29 May 1950 Porterfield, Clifford D.
 AUA
Viola Arvensis Murr.
TROY000029405 Choctaw 19 Feb 2009 Keener, Brian R.
5029		 TROY
Viola arvensis Murray
TROY000032665 Montgomery 20 Mar 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
21786		 TROY
Viola arvensis Murray
UWAL0004484 Choctaw 19 Feb 2009 Keener, Brian R.
5029		 UWAL
Viola arvensis Murr.
TROY000009676 Barbour 16 Mar 2002 Spaulding, Daniel D.
11104		 TROY
Viola arvensis Murray
UWAL0053360 Lee 10 Mar 2015 Hansen, C.J.
5887		 UWAL
Viola arvensis Murr.
JSU137188 Lee 28 Mar 1964 Bozarth, Gene A.
s.n.		 JSU
Viola arvensis Murray
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