Hedera helix

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:ARALIACEAE
Species:Hedera helix L.
Common Name:English Ivy; Common Ivy
Habitat:Old home sites, roadside banks, disturbed woodlands, and trash dumps.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Vine
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:HEHE
Plant Notes:Common Ivy is an introduced woody vine in the Ginseng family (Araliaceae). It is native to Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. In Alabama it is commonly cultivated and has escaped statewide. Common Ivy grows around old home sites, in disturbed forests, on roadside banks, and in urban woodlands. It is a perennial, evergreen, woody vine that grows as a trailing groundcover or attached to rocks, walls, or trees by aerial roots. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, thick in texture, and occur in two forms. On juvenile and non-climbing stems the leaves are generally 3-5 lobed. On older climbing, erect, or fruiting stems the leaves are unlobed. Leaves are ovate to lanceolate in outline, shiny dark green above with pale veins and lighter green below, with peltate or stellate hairs when young, glabrate with age. Flowers are produced in terminal umbels from lateral branches of climbing stems. Flowers are small and inconspicuous with 5 green sepals and 5 greenish-white petals. The fruit is a purple-black drupe. Material referred to as “Common Ivy” or “English Ivy” consists of a polyploid complex of entities that have variously been treated as species, subspecies, or varieties. In addition, numerous horticultural forms and cultivars exist. Common Ivy is listed as a Category 1 invasive species in Alabama by the Alabama Invasive Plant Council.—A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Not Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyARALIACEAE - Ginseng family
Genus Hedera
Species Hedera helix L. - English Ivy; Common Ivy

Citation

Citation Hedera helix Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 202. 1753.
Basionym: **
Type: Without data (lectotype: LINN 280.1). Lectotypified by Browicz, in Rechinger f., Fl. Iran. 102: 2. 1973.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Hedera angularis Hedera angularis (Hibberd) Carrière, Rev. Hort. 1890: 163. 1890.  
Hedera arborea Hedera arborea Carrière, Rev. Hort. 1890: 164. 1890, non Walter 1788, nec Swartz 1797, nec Röhling 1812.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. arborescens Loddiges ex Loudon 1838. 
Hedera cambwoodiana Hedera cambwoodiana Carrière, Rev. Hort. 1890: 162. 1890.  
Hedera canariensis var. maculata Hedera canariensis Willdenow, var. maculata (Hibberd) Hibberd, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 12: 394. 1890.Hedera grandifolia Hibberd, var. maculata Hibberd 1872. 
Hedera communis Hedera communis Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 491. 1821, nom. illegit.Hedera helix Linnaeus 1753. 
Hedera communis var. sterilis Hedera communis Gray, var. sterilis Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 491. 1821.  
Hedera conglomerata Hedera conglomerata (G. Nicholson) Carrière, Rev. Hort. 1890: 163. 1890; (G. Nicholson) Haage & Schmidt ex Tobler, Hedera 127. 1912.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. conglomerata G. Nicholson 1885. 
Hedera cordata Hedera cordata Carrière, Rev. Hort. 1890: 164. 1890.  
Hedera digitata Hedera digitata (Lodd. ex Bosse) G. Nicholson, Hand-List Trees 1: 245. 1894.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. digitata Loddiges ex Bosse 1841. 
Hedera diversifolia Hedera diversifolia Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 456. 1812, nom. illegit.Hedera helix Linnaeus 1753. 
Hedera donerailensis Hedera donerailensis (Hibberd) Paul, Gard. Chron. 1867: 1215. 1867.Hedera helix Linnaeus, forma donerailensis Hibberd 1864. 
Hedera donerailensis var. minor Hedera donerailensis (Hibberd) Paul, var. minor (Hibberd) Paul, Gard. Chron. 1867: 1215. 1867.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. minor Hibberd 1864. 
Hedera elegantissima Hedera elegantissima G. Nicholson, Hand-List Trees 1: 247. 1894.  
Hedera glymii Hedera glymii (Paul) G. Nicholson, Hand-List Trees 1: 249. 1894.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. glymii Paul 1867. 
Hedera grandifolia var. maculata Hedera grandifolia Hibberd, var. maculata Hibberd, Ivy 98. 1872.  
Hedera hastata Hedera hastata Anon., Garden 25: 141. 1884.  
Hedera helix subsp. hibernica Hedera helix Linnaeus, subsp. hibernica (G. Kirchner) D. C. McClintock, Suppl. Wild. Fl. Guernsey 23. 1987.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. hibernica G. Kirchner 1864. 
Hedera helix var. conglomerata Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. conglomerata G. Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 121, f. 184. 1885.  
Hedera helix var. contracta Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. contracta Hibberd, Ivy 70. 1872.  
Hedera helix var. melanocarpa Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. melanocarpa Seemann, J. Bot. 2: 306. 1864.  
Hedera helix var. minor Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. minor Hibberd, Fl. World 7: 58. 1864.  
Hedera helix var. sagittaefolia Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. sagittaefolia Hibberd, Fl. World 7: 58. 1864.  
Hedera helix var. tricolor Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. tricolor Hibberd ex Rehder, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1438. 1915.  
Hedera helix var. aureovariegata Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. aureovariegata Weston, Bot. Univ. 1: 123. 1770.  
Hedera helix var. cavendishii Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. cavendishii Paul, Gard. Chron. 1867: 1215. 1867.  
Hedera helix var. minima Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. minima Hibberd, Ivy 76. 1872.  
Hedera helix var. palmata Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. palmata Bosse, Vollst. Handb. Bl.-Gaertn., ed. 3. 2: ___. 1860.  
Hedera helix var. silvestris Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. silvestris Dierbach, Mag. Pharm. 11: 221. 1825.  
Hedera helix var. tortuosa Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. tortuosa Hibberd, Ivy 67. 1872.  
Hedera helix subsp. euhelix Hedera helix Linnaeus, subsp. euhelix Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 955. 1926, nom. inadmiss.Hedera helix Linnaeus 1753. 
Hedera helix subsp. europaea Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. europaea Voss, Vilm. Blumengaertn., ed. 3. 1: 407. 1894, nom. inadmiss.Hedera helix Linnaeus 1753. 
Hedera helix var. angularis Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. angularis Hibberd, Ivy 74. 1872.  
Hedera helix var. arborea Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. arborea Dierbach, Mag. Pharm. 11: 221. 1825.  
Hedera helix var. arborescens Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. arborescens Loddiges ex Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 1000. 1838.  
Hedera helix var. argenteovariegata Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. argenteovariegata Weston, Bot. Univ. 1: 123. 1770.  
Hedera helix var. baltica Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. baltica Rehder, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1438. 1915.  
Hedera helix var. deltoidea Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. deltoidea Hibberd, Ivy 71. 1872.  
Hedera helix var. digitata Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. digitata Loddiges ex Bosse, Vollst. Handb. Bl.-Gaertn., ed. 2. 2: 220. 1841.  
Hedera helix var. digitata Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. digitata G. Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 121, f. 186. 1885, non Loddiges ex Bosse 1841.  
Hedera helix var. donerailensis Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. donerailensis (Hibberd) G. Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 121. 1885.Hedera helix Linnaeus, forma donerailensis Hibberd 1864. 
Hedera helix var. fasciata Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. fasciata Hibberd, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 12: 390. 1890.  
Hedera helix var. glymii Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. glymii Paul, Gard. Chron 1867: 1215. 1867.  
Hedera helix var. hibernica Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. hibernica G. Kirchner, in Petzold & G. Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav. 419. 1864. IRELAND
Hedera helix var. hodgensii Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. hodgensii Moore & More, Contr. Cybele Hibern. 135. 1866. IRELAND
Hedera helix var. humifusa Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. humifusa Dierbach, Mag. Pharm. 11: 221. 1825.  
Hedera helix var. maculata Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. maculata (Hibberd) Rehder, in L. H. Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 716. 1900.Hedera grandifolia Hibberd, var. maculata Hibberd 1872. 
Hedera helix var. marginata Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. marginata Hibberd, Ivy 77. 1872.  
Hedera helix var. muralis Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. muralis Dierbach, Mag. Pharm. 11: 221. 1825.  
Hedera helix var. pedata Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. pedata Hibberd, Ivy 76. 1872.  
Hedera helix var. pennsylvanica Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. pennsylvanica Paul, Gard. Chron. 1867: 1215. 1867.  
Hedera helix var. typica Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. typica Schelle, in Beissner et al., Handb. Laubholzben. 363. 1903, nom. inadmiss.Hedera helix Linnaeus 1753. 
Hedera helix var. vulgaris Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. vulgaris de Candolle, Prodr. 4: 261. 1830, nom. inadmiss.Hedera helix Linnaeus 1753. 
Hedera hibernica Hedera hibernica (G. Kirchner) Carrière, Rev. Hort. 1890: 163. 1890.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. hibernica G. Kirchner 1864. 
Hedera hibernica var. maculata Hedera hibernica (G. Kirchner) Carrière, var. maculata (Hibberd) Bean, Trees Shrubs Brit. Isl. 1: 609. 1914.Hedera grandifolia Hibberd, var. maculata Hibberd 1872. 
Hedera marginata Hedera marginata (Hibberd) G. Nicholson, Hand-List Trees 1: 243. 1894.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. marginata Hibberd 1872. 
Hedera minor Hedera minor (Hibberd) G. Nicholson, Hand-List Trees 1: 245. 1894.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. minor Hibberd 1864. 
Hedera palmata Hedera palmata (Bosse) Carrière, Rev. Hort. 1890: 163. 1890.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. palmata Bosse 1860. 
Hedera pennsylvanica Hedera pennsylvanica (Paul) G. Nicholson, Hand-List Trees 1: 245. 1894.Hedera helix Linnaeus, var. pennsylvanica Paul 1867. 
Hedera poetica Hedera poetica Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 143. 1796, nom. illegit.Hedera helix Linnaeus 1753. 
Hedera taurica var. leeana Hedera taurica (Hibberd) Carrière, var. leeana Hibberd, Ivy 70. 1872.  

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Barbour, Blount, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun, Chambers, Chilton, Cleburne, Coffee, Colbert, Conecuh, Coosa, Crenshaw, Cullman, Elmore, Escambia, Etowah, Jackson, Jefferson, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Madison, Marengo, Marshall, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Pike, Shelby, St. Clair, Sumter, Winston

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AMAL, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, UNAF, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1998 - 2020

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
JSU119987 Shelby 4 Apr 1993 Whetstone, R. David
16358		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000047803 Autauga 14 Dec 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
1484		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AMAL00018595 Butler 16 Aug 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
17899		 AMAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000001227 Pike 6 May 1991 Funk, H.
26		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UNAF0000571 Lauderdale 28 Oct 1989 den Boer, John H.
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_20927 Lee 1 Jul 1970 Hopson, George R.
.0026		 AUA
Hedera Helix L.
JSU119800 Chilton 1 Apr 1999 Brodeur, Kristin R.
1594		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AMAL00020015 Monroe 01 Mar 2011 Barger, T. Wayne
RH-50		 AMAL
Hedera helix L.
JSU119985 Madison 11 May 1996 Spaulding, Daniel D.
8296		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000014133 Colbert 17 Apr 2006 Keener, Brian R.
2802		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000014453 Butler 16 Aug 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
17899		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UWAL0000326 Sumter 30 Oct 2008 England, J. Kevin
1477		 UWAL
Hedera helix L.
UNAF0000569 Colbert 17 Oct 1989 Porter, Kim
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
una00069376 Sumter 30 Oct 2008 England, J. Kevin
1477		 UNA
Hedera helix L.
UNAF0000578 Winston 23 Sep 1984 Henderson, Taffy
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UWAL0056463 Lauderdale 01 Jan 2020 England, Kevin J.
10662		 UWAL
Hedera helix L. var. helix
JSU143444 Calhoun 25 May 1971 Edmondson, Fay
s.n.		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UNA00064875 Blount 21 Aug 1998 Keener, Brian R.
1511		 UNA
Hedera helix L.
UWAL0000324 Colbert 17 Apr 2006 Keener, Brian R.
2802		 UWAL
Hedera helix L.
UNA00064716 Colbert 17 Apr 2006 Keener, Brian R.
2802		 UNA
Hedera helix L.
UWAL0000325 Lawrence 15 Feb 2009 England, J. Kevin
1608		 UWAL
Hedera helix L.
AMAL00019960 Lauderdale 27 Apr 2010 Holt, Brian D.
SC-320		 AMAL
Hedera helix L.
UWAL0019924 Morgan 20 Sep 2015 England, J. Kevin
5742		 UWAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UNAF0000574 Lauderdale 24 Sep 1989 Patterson, Jerri
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UWAL0013509 Bullock 12 Oct 2012 Dykes, Bailee
1408		 UWAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UNAF0000579 Winston 23 Sep 1984 Henderson, Taffy
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
SAMF0008118 Jefferson 15 Mar 2022 Davenport, L.J.
6923		 SAMF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_52457 Pike 15 May 1994 Diamond, Alvin R.
9165		 AUA
Hedera Helix L.
UWAL0000323 Blount 21 Aug 1998 Keener, Brian R.
1511		 UWAL
Hedera helix L.
UWAL0046066 Autauga 06 Feb 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1510		 UWAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AUA000038150 Morgan 20 Sep 2015 England, J. Kevin
5742		 AUA
Hedera Helix L.
JSU143445 Etowah 12 Jul 1969 Cofield, Jan
s.n.		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
JSU140222 Elmore 15 Mar 2013 Barger, T. Wayne
SP909		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000037925 Coosa 30 May 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
24166		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
JSU119984 Jackson 31 Oct 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
1545		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000020571 Crenshaw 10 Aug 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
19739		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UNAF0000576 Madison 29 Oct 1989 Cook, Caroline
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
JSU119986 Marshall 18 Apr 1993 Spaulding, Daniel D.
3477		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000036296 Bullock 12 Oct 2012 Dykes, Bailee
1408		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
JSU119796 Blount 15 May 1993 Whetstone, R. David
s.n.		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000014132 Chambers 15 Jun 2002 Spaulding, Daniel D.
11396		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000031851 Montgomery 07 Feb 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21142		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000001225 Escambia 28 May 1995 Brittain, Cynthia L.
284		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_47211 Lee 4 Aug 1983 Reeves, D.W.
131		 AUA
Hedera Helix L.
JSU119798 Calhoun 6 Feb 1993 Spaulding, Daniel D.
3344		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000048337 Autauga 06 Feb 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1510		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AMAL00019707 Montgomery 12 Jan 2006 Diamond, Alvin R.
16116		 AMAL
Hedera helix L.
TROY000021163 Sumter 30 Oct 2008 England, J. Kevin
1477		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UNAF0000570 Cullman 26 Sep 1989 Cooke, Steve
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AMAL00005842 Chambers 15 Jun 2002 Spaulding, Daniel D.
11396		 AMAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AMAL00019402 Calhoun 22 Oct 1994 Ballard, J. Mark
3427		 AMAL
Hedera helix L.
JSU119983 Etowah 5 May 1994 Hodge, Lesley M.
1364		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000001226 Montgomery 12 Jan 2006 Diamond, Alvin R.
16116		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UWAL0015750 St. Clair 13 Feb 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
24787		 UWAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UWAL0001990 Montgomery 07 Feb 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21142		 UWAL
Hedera helix L.
TROY000001224 Coffee 20 Apr 1991 Turner, Tammy
7		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AUA000040947 Lee 26 Feb 2016 Taylor, Chris T.
CSP-371		 AUA
Hedera Helix L.
UNAF0000577 Winston 23 Nov 1989 Hatton, Jonathan
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UNA00059289 Calhoun 31 Jul 2002 Spaulding, Daniel D.
11508		 UNA
Hedera helix L.
AUA_ACC_65770 Montgomery 12 Jan 2006 Diamond, Alvin R.
16116		 AUA
Hedera Helix L.
UWAL0002746 Conecuh 22 Dec 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21723		 UWAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UWAL0014649 Coosa 30 May 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
24166		 UWAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AMAL00017272 Sumter 30 Oct 2008 England, J. Kevin
1477		 AMAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
JSU119799 Calhoun 27 Jul 1969 Clonts, Jerry A.
s.n.		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AMAL00005841 Calhoun 31 Jul 2002 Spaulding, Daniel D.
11508		 AMAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000014131 Calhoun 31 Jun 2002 Spaulding, Daniel D.
11508		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_71710 Elmore 15 Mar 2013 Barger, T. Wayne
SP909		 AUA
Hedera Helix L.
UNAF0000572 Lauderdale 28 Oct 1989 Hardy, Dawn
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UNA00059371 Chambers 15 Jun 2002 Spaulding, Daniel D.
11396		 UNA
Hedera helix L.
JSU119797 Calhoun 6 Feb 1993 Weninegar. Loretta L.
8		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_3624 Lee 12 Feb 1925 Anonymous
 AUA
Hedera Helix L.
AMAL00013318 Colbert 17 Apr 2006 Keener, Brian R.
2802		 AMAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
JSU119981 Cleburne 4 Feb 1992 Clearman, F.W., Jr.
007		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000028240 Lee 2 Oct 2008 Berry, Brittanni
5		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
USAM000001525 Mobile 27 Aug 1976 LeLong, Michel G.
9443		 USAM
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UNA00045996 Barbour 26 May 1998 MacDonald, John R.
11280		 UNA
Hedera helix L.
UNAF0000575 Limestone 22 Sep 1989 Butler, Yvette
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
UNAF0000573 Lauderdale 18 Oct 1983 Lewter, Kent
s.n.		 UNAF
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000032701 Conecuh 22 Dec 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21723		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
JSU119982 Etowah 11 May 1967 Prater, Pat
s.n.		 JSU
Hedera helix Linnaeus
TROY000039220 St. Clair 13 Feb 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
24787		 TROY
Hedera helix Linnaeus
ALNHS00001810 Elmore 15 Mar 2013 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#909		 ALNHS
Hedera helix L.
UWAL0030289 Marengo 26 Mar 2014 England, J. Kevin
4742		 UWAL
Hedera helix Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_10187 Lee 20 May 1962 Parker, W.D.
 AUA
Hedera Helix L.
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