Ilex cassine

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:AQUIFOLIACEAE
Species:Ilex cassine L.
Common Name:Dahoon Holly; Cassena
Habitat:Cypress ponds, bogs, wet flatwoods.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Shrub
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:ILCA
Plant Notes:Dahoon Holly is a native evergreen shrub or small tree in the Holly family (Aquifoliaceae). It can be found in the southern third of Alabama. Dahoon Holly grows around cypress ponds, in pine flatwoods, in bay swamps, in pitcher plant bogs, and in steep-heads. It can grow as a multi-trunked shrub or small single trunked tree reaching heights of 20-30 feet. The bark is light gray or tan and smooth. Young twigs are pubescent. Leaves are alternate, evergreen, petiolate, obovate or lanceolate in outline, with entire margins or occasionally with a few teeth. The margins are often revolute. The leaves are thick in texture, glabrous above and pubescent along the midrib below, dark green in color above and paler green below. Dahoon Holly is dioecious, with male and female flowers occurring on separate plants. The flowers are solitary or in 3-4 flowered cymes from the axils of the leaves. Flowers have four greenish-white petals. The fruit is a drupe. The drupes range in color from blood red through orange and rarely yellow. Dahoon Holly has gained in popularity as a landscape plant in recent years. It can be purchased from many nurseries and several named selections are available. Plants can also be grown from cuttings or from seed (they usually take two years to sprout). Dahoon Holly can be pruned into a hedge or grown in tree form in small lawns or along streets. At least one male plant must be present for fruit formation. The fruit are consumed by a variety of wildlife, and the foliage is a larval food for Henry's Elfin (Callophrys Henrici) and Striped Hairstreak (Satyrium liparops) butterflies.—A. Diamond.
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, FACW (NWI)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyAQUIFOLIACEAE - Holly family
Genus Ilex
Species Ilex cassine L. - Dahoon Holly; Cassena

Citation

Citation Ilex cassine Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 125. 1753.
Basionym: **
Type: USA: SOUTH CAROLINA: Without data (lectotype: "Agrifolium Carolinense foliis dentatis baccis rubris" in Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina 1: t. 31. 1730). Lectotypified by González-Gutiérrez & Sierra-Calzado, in Greuter & Rankin, Fl. Republ. Cuba, ser. A. 9(1): 10. 2004.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Ageria geminata Ageria geminata Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 48. 1838. "Apalachian Mts."
Ageria heterophyla Ageria heterophyla Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 48. 1838. "Florida and Alabama",
Ageria obovata Ageria obovata Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 48. 1838. FLORIDA
Ageria palustris Ageria palustris Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 47. 1838, nom. illegit.Ilex dahoon Walter 1788. 
Cassine ramulosa Cassine ramulosa Rafinesque, Fl. Ludov. 110. 1817. "on the seashore near Pensacola, and at Opelousas"
Ilex angustifolia Ilex angustifolia (Aiton) Willdenow, Enum. Pl. 172. 1809, non Salisbury 1796.Ilex cassine Linnaeus, var. angustifolia Aiton 1789. 
Ilex angustifolia Ilex angustifolia Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 70. 1796, nom. illegit.Ilex cassine Linnaeus 1753. 
Ilex angustifolia var. ligustrifolia Ilex angustifolia (Aiton) Willdenow, var. ligustrifolia Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 118. 1814. "Virginia to Georgia"
Ilex caroliniana Ilex caroliniana Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768, nom. illegit.Ilex cassine Linnaeus 1753. 
Ilex cassine var. angustifolia Ilex cassine Linnaeus, var. angustifolia Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 170. 1789. "Carolina & Florida",
Ilex cassine var. ligustrifolia Ilex cassine Linnaeus, var. ligustrifolia (Pursh) Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 507. 1892.Ilex angustifolia (Aiton) Willdenow, var. ligustrifolia Pursh 1814. 
Ilex cassinoides Ilex cassinoides Dumont de Courset, Bot. Cult., ed. 2. 6: 251. 1811.  
Ilex cassinoides Ilex cassinoides Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 148. 1821, non Dumont de Courset 1811.  
Ilex castaneifolia Ilex castaneifolia Decaisne, Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 186. 1854-1854.  
Ilex dahoon Ilex dahoon Walter, Fl. Carol. 241. 1788. SOUTH CAROLINA
Ilex dahoon var. angustifolia Ilex dahoon Walter, var. angustifolia (Aiton) Torrey & A. Gray ex S. Watson, Bibl. Index N. Amer. Bot. 158. 1878.Ilex cassine Linnaeus, var. angustifolia Aiton 1789. 
Ilex dahoon var. ligustrina Ilex dahoon Walter, var. ligustrina A. W. Wood, Amer. Bot. Fl. 207. 1870.  
Ilex dahoon var. grandifolia Ilex dahoon Walter, var. grandifolia K. Koch, Dendrologie 2(1): 224. 1869, nom. inadmiss.Ilex dahoon Walter 1788. 
Ilex dahoon var. laurifolia Ilex dahoon Walter, var. laurifolia (Nuttall) de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 14. 1825.Ilex laurifolia Nuttall 1822. 
Ilex floridana Ilex floridana Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl. 1: 356. 1792. FLORIDA
Ilex lanceolata Ilex lanceolata Grisebach, Cat. Pl. Cub. 56. 1866, non (Pursh) Chapman 1860. CUBA: Without data, Wright 2217 (holotype: GOET; isotypes: GH, HAC, K, M, MA, NY(3 shts), S).
Ilex laurifolia Ilex laurifolia Nuttall, Amer. J. Sci. Arts 5: 289. 1822. FLORIDA: "East Florida", without data, Ware s.n. (holotype: PH).
Ilex ligustrifolia Ilex ligustrifolia G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 19. 1832.  
Ilex ligustrina Ilex ligustrina Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 680. 1824, non Jacquin 1791. GEORGIA: Chatham Co.: Ogeechee Swamp at Preston's Old Field, about
Ilex religiosa Ilex religiosa Barton, Fl. Virgin. 66. 1812.  
Ilex wrightii Ilex wrightii Trelease, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 349. 1892.Ilex lanceolata Grisebach 1866, non (Pursh) Chapman 1860. 
Ilex cassine var. latifolia Ilex cassine Linnaeus, var. latifolia Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 170. 1789, nom. inadmiss.Ilex cassine Linnaeus 1753. 

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Baldwin, Covington, Geneva, Henry, Houston, Lee, Mobile, Monroe, Pike

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AMAL, AUA, BRIT, JSU, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1892 - 1995

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
TROY000034444 Houston 11 Mar 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
21770		 TROY
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001394 Baldwin 20 Jul 1974 LeLong, Michel G.
8054		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UNA00020531 Baldwin 18 Apr 1892 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Ilex cassine L.
AUA000031312 Baldwin 26 Dec 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
16104		 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
BRIT73134 Mobile 01 May 1965 Deramus, Rebecca
441		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
AUA000031319 Monroe 8 Apr 1981 O'Halloran, K.
064		 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
AUA000031314 Lee 1 Jul 1969 Miller, L.C.
088		 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
UNA00020536 Mobile _ _ 1861 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Ilex cassine L.
ALNHS00001455 Baldwin 12 Sep 2012 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#757		 ALNHS
Ilex cassine L.
AUA000031316 Lee 30 Apr 1970 Wood, Kerry
069		 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
UWAL0051433 Mobile 01 May 1965 Deramus, Rebecca
D441		 UWAL
Ilex cassine L.
UWAL0038292 Mobile 01 Feb 1975 LeLong, Michel G.
8256		 UWAL
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001382 Mobile 31 Jul 1981 LeLong, Michel G.
12214		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UWAL0043212 Baldwin 23 Jun 2000 Larsen, Harry S.
389		 UWAL
Ilex cassine L.
USAM000001401 Baldwin 19 Nov 1967 LeLong, Michel G.
3965		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001396 Baldwin 15 May 1970 LeLong, Michel G.
5382		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
AMAL00005796 Baldwin 12 May 2000 Kral, Robert
89743		 AMAL
Ilex cassine L.
UNA00020532 Mobile 01 May 1965 Deramus, Rebecca
D441		 UNA
Ilex cassine L.
BRIT73130 Geneva 28 May 1999 MacDonald, John R.
12919		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
AUA000031318 Lee 12 May 1970 Williams, S.A.
143		 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
USAM000001400 Baldwin 30 Jul 1972 LeLong, Michel G.
6672		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001381 Mobile 31 Jul 1981 LeLong, Michel G.
12214		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UWAL0038013 Baldwin 20 Jul 1974 LeLong, Michel G.
8054		 UWAL
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001389 Baldwin 13 Dec 1978 LeLong, Michel G.
10712		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
JSU118990 Baldwin 27 Sep 1985 Whetstone, R. David
15259		 JSU
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
AUA000031309 Baldwin 12 Aug 1997 Sorrie, Bruce A.
9390		 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
BRIT73131 Houston 15 Dec 1992 MacDonald, John R.
5788		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001383 Mobile 10 Nov 1982 Cook, Jennifer V.
s.n.		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
TROY000047139 Mobile 01 Feb 1975 Lelong, Michel
8256		 TROY
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
AMAL00022696 Baldwin 07 Nov 2014 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#1601		 AMAL
Ilex cassine L.
UWAL0056066 Baldwin 01 Jun 2022 Keener, Brian R.
12475		 UWAL
Ilex cassine L.
UWAL0009660 Houston 11 Mar 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
21770		 UWAL
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
TROY000001122 Baldwin 12 May 2000 Kral, Robert
89743		 TROY
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
BRIT73132 Lee 18 May 1970 Wood, Kerry
134		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
BRIT73129 Baldwin 09 Jun 1969 Kral, Robert
35258		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001384 Baldwin 06 Aug 1976 LeLong, Michel G.
9341		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
BRIT73127 Baldwin 08 Jul 1970 Lelong, Michel G.
4123		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UNA00020537 Pike 06 May 1949 Harvill, Jr., A.M.
4048		 UNA
Ilex cassine L.
USAM000001399 Baldwin 30 Jul 1972 LeLong, Michel G.
6672		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
AUA000031311 Baldwin 17 Oct 1996 Tucker, Jr., James W.
 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
ALNHS00000638 Houston 18 Oct 2011 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#344		 ALNHS
Ilex cassine L.
USAM000001378 Mobile 31 Jul 1981 LeLong, Michel G.
12214		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UWAL0038488 Baldwin 08 Jul 1967 LeLong, Michel G.
4108.3		 UWAL
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
BRIT73125 Baldwin 01 Nov 1970 Kral, Robert
s.n.		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001392 Mobile 08 May 1973 LeLong, Michel G.
70022.3		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
BRIT73124 Baldwin 12 May 2000 Kral, Robert
89743		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
AUA000031317 Lee 5 Apr 1960 Jones, Jr., Samuel B.
501		 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
ALNHS00005746 Baldwin 31 May 2018 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#3833		 ALNHS
Ilex cassine L.
AUA000031315 Lee 13 May 1956 Krueger, Donald R.
 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
UWAL0054340 Baldwin 06 Jul 2022 Keener, Brian R.
12518.5		 UWAL
Ilex cassine L.
USAM000001391 Baldwin 30 Apr 1977 LeLong, Michel G.
9677		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001386 Mobile 01 Feb 1975 LeLong, Michel G.
8256		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UWAL0038491 Baldwin 08 Jul 1967 LeLong, Michel G.
4128		 UWAL
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
TROY000001123 Baldwin 12 May 2000 Kral, Robert
89743		 TROY
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
BRIT73135 Mobile 09 Oct 1967 Kral, Robert
29860		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
JSU118989 Baldwin 10 Aug 1993 Spaulding, Daniel D.
4260		 JSU
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
BRIT73133 Mobile 08 May 1973 Lelong, Michel G.
7022		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UNA00020533 Pike 06 May 1949 Harvill, Jr., A.M.
4084		 UNA
Ilex cassine L.
TROY000047143 Mobile 01 Feb 1975 Lelong, Michel
8255		 TROY
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001385 Baldwin 20 Jul 1974 LeLong, Michel G.
8058		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UNA00059644 Baldwin 10 Nov 2002 Zebryk, Tad M.
8034		 UNA
Ilex cassine L. var. cassine
AUA000031310 Baldwin 26 Jun 2006 Diamond, Alvin R.
16578		 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
BRIT73126 Baldwin 15 May 1971 Evans, A. Murray
46035		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UWAL0037782 Baldwin 12 Aug 1997 Sorrie, Bruce A.
9390		 UWAL
Ilex cassine L.
UWAL0048193 Baldwin 21 Jul 2019 Soehren, Eric C.
621		 UWAL
Ilex cassine L.
ALNHS00008606 Houston 06 Aug 1993 Oberholster, Chris
CO#816		 ALNHS
Ilex cassine L.
USAM000001387 Baldwin 04 Oct 1975 LeLong, Michel G.
8784		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
TROY000001121 Baldwin 26 Jun 2006 Diamond, Alvin R.
16578		 TROY
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UNA00020535 Pike 06 May 1949 Harvill, Jr., A.M.
4048		 UNA
Ilex cassine L.
UNA00020534 Mobile 30 Apr 1966 Deramus, Rebecca
D902		 UNA
Ilex cassine L.
ALNHS00004370 Houston 01 Nov 2016 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#2732		 ALNHS
Ilex cassine L.
USAM000001395 Mobile 31 Jul 1981 LeLong, Michel G.
12214		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
UNA00026146 Baldwin 21 Oct 1995 Birk, Michelle
536		 UNA
Ilex cassine L.
USAM000001388 Baldwin 19 Sep 1976 LeLong, Michel G.
9491		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
USAM000001397 Mobile 15 Oct 1968 LeLong, Michel G.
4849.2		 USAM
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
AMAL00014639 Henry 19 Apr 2005 Kral, Robert
96121		 AMAL
Ilex cassine L.
UNA00020530 Baldwin 13 Mar 1979 Wiersema, John H.
509		 UNA
Ilex cassine L.
AUA000031313 Covington 15 Dec 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
14273		 AUA
Ilex Cassine L.
BRIT73128 Baldwin 04 May 1968 McDaniel, Sidney
10632		 BRIT
Ilex cassine Linnaeus
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