Ulmus americana

Family:ULMACEAE
Species:Ulmus americana L.
Common Name:American Elm; White Elm
Habitat:floodplain forests, in moist deciduous woodlands, and along fencerows
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Tree
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:ULAM
Plant Notes:

American Elm is a native deciduous tree in the Elm Family (ULMACEAE). It can be found throughout Alabama. American Elm occurs in floodplain forests, in moist deciduous woodlands, and along fencerows. It is a medium to large sized tree growing 60-100 feet in height. The bark is gray to light brown with deep fissures. The leaves are short petiolate, alternate, oval to oblong in outline, and doubly serrate. Leaves are glabrous to slightly pubescent. The base of the leaf is inequilateral with the blade on one side of the petiole extending further down than on the other side. The leaves turn yellow then brown before leaf drop. The twigs and small limbs of American Elm are often pendulous, and are not winged. Flowers are produced in the late winter or early spring in drooping clusters. The flowers lack petals and are wind pollinated. The fruit is a flat disk-like samara with white to yellow cilia along the margins. American Elm is occasionally planted as a shade or street tree. It prefers full to partial sun and is tolerant of poor soils and drought. Dutch Elm Disease (an introduced fungal pathogen) grows and reproduces in the xylem of elm trees leading to their death. American Elm is affected by this pathogen and millions of trees throughout the United States have died from it. The leaves of American Elm are a larval food for many butterflies such as the Eastern Comma (Polygonia comma), Question Mark (Polygonia interrogationis), Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa), Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui) and Red-spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax).—A. Diamond

Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, FACW (NWI)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyULMACEAE - Elm family
Genus Ulmus
Species Ulmus americana L. - American Elm; White Elm

Citation

Citation Ulmus americana Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 226. 1753.
Basionym: **
Type: USA: VIRGINIA: Without data, Clayton 524 (lectotype: LINN 321.3). Lectotypified by F. C. Seymour, Rhodora 54: 139. 1952.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Ulmus alba Ulmus alba Rafinesque, Fl. Ludov. 115. 1817. LOUISIANA
Ulmus americana var. alba Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. alba Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 320. 1789. VIRGINIA
Ulmus americana var. aspera Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. aspera Chapman, Fl. South. U.S. 416. 1860. FLORIDA: Franklin Co.: Apalachicola River swamps, s.d., Chapman s.n. (holotype: NY?).
Ulmus americana var. aurea Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. aurea F. L. Temple ex Rehder, in L. H. Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 1888. 1902.  
Ulmus americana var. bartramii Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. bartramii Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3. 10: 268. 1848.  
Ulmus americana var. glabra Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. glabra Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 3: 424. 1852, nom. illegit. et non Planchon 1848.Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. pendula Aiton 1789. 
Ulmus americana var. glabra Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. glabra Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3. 10: 268. 1848, nom. iilegit..Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. alba Aiton 1789. 
Ulmus americana var. pendula Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. pendula Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 320. 1789.  
Ulmus americana var. scabra Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. scabra Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2. 15: 364. 1841, nom. illegit.Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. alba Aiton 1789. 
Ulmus dentata Ulmus dentata Rafinesque, New Fl. 3: 39. 1838 ("1836"). ALABAMA
Ulmus mollifolia Ulmus mollifolia Marshall, Arbust. Amer. 156. 1785.  
Ulmus obovata Ulmus obovata Rafinesque, New Fl. 3: 38. 1838 ("1836"). "Kentucky and Illinois"
Ulmus pubescens Ulmus pubescens Walter, Fl. Carol. 112. 1788. SOUTH CAROLINA
Ulmus americana var. floridana Ulmus americana Linnaeus, var. floridana (Chapman) Little, Phytologia 4: 306. 1953.Ulmus floridana Chapman 1860. 
Ulmus floridana Ulmus floridana Chapman, Fl. South. U.S. 416. 1860. FLORIDA: Without locality, s.d., Barratt s.n. (holotype: NY; isotype; GH).

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Blount, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun, Cherokee, Chilton, Choctaw, Coffee, Colbert, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw, Cullman, Dale, Dallas, Escambia, Etowah, Fayette, Geneva, Greene, Henry, Houston, Jefferson, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Lowndes, Marengo, Marshall, Mobile, Montgomery, Morgan, Perry, Pickens, Pike, Sumter, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Tuscaloosa, Wilcox

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1892 - 1998

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.
Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used
Image
AUA_ACC_70841 Sumter 2 Mar 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6308
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
TROY000009462 Pike 02 Mar 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
14961
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
USAM000015077 Baldwin 15 May 1970 LeLong, Michel G.
5378
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0037074 Lowndes 04 Mar 2017 Keener, Brian R.
9914
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000033676 Perry 26 Feb 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6298
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_65104 Chilton 18 May 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
15359
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
JSU135900 Calhoun 6 Mar 1981 Snow, David G.
305
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000009458 Coffee 03 May 2000 Martin, Brian H.
696
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0004319 Butler 04 Mar 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
17303
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
UWAL0053418 Cullman 02 Sep 1920 Wolf, W.
s.n.
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
AUA_ACC_55517 Crenshaw 12 Mar 1995 Diamond, Alvin R.
9490
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
UWAL0015833 Tallapoosa 23 Feb 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
24798
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000045001 Autauga 14 Mar 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
480
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_9658 Lee 17 May 1961 Morgan, L.W.
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
UNA00048800 Tuscaloosa 14 Mar 1966 Tucker, Charles E.
19
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
JSU135899 Calhoun 1 Jul 1969 Cofield, Jan
s.n.
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000040297 Marengo 12 Mar 2011 England, J. Kevin
2682
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
USAM000015067 Baldwin 20 Oct 1977 LeLong, Michel G.
9944
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0035227 Limestone 02 Jun 2017 England, J. Kevin
7875
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus var. americana
UNA00055991 Covington 24 Jun 1998 MacDonald, John R.
11484
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
UWAL0039716 Dallas 27 Feb 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28081
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
TROY000039223 Covington 14 Mar 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
24880
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
USAM000015068 Mobile 06 Apr 1979 LeLong, Michel G.
10753
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0002908 Bullock 04 Mar 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
21759
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
TROY000042255 Houston 23 Apr 2015 Diamond, Alvin R.
26184
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_52473 Houston 25 Feb 1994 Diamond, Alvin R.
9014
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
JSU135897 Calhoun 14 Mar 1995 Hruska, Susan E.
88
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
JSU135913 Morgan 25 May 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17692
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
ALNHS00004627 Bullock 20 Jun 2016 Barger, T. Wayne
WLE-53
ALNHS
Ulmus americana L.
USAM000015072 Mobile 03 May 1969 Green, E. Michael
1
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UNA00055694 Blount 31 May 1998 Keener, Brian R.
881
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
UWAL0015243 Pickens 26 Mar 2014 Keener, Brian R.
8300
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
TROY000044827 Autauga 02 Mar 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
383
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0043835 Baldwin 04 Jun 2000 Larsen, Harry S.
375
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
JSU135903 Calhoun 18 Oct 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
3020
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
SAMF0002141 Dallas 26 Feb 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6293
SAMF
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0017677 Houston 23 Apr 2015 Diamond, Alvin R.
26184
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UNA00064396 Pike 02 Mar 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
14961
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
UWAL0005385 Wilcox 12 May 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
22068
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000009456 Butler 04 Mar 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
17303
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA000038219 Morgan 4 Mar 2017 England, J. Kevin
7171
AUA
Ulmus Americana L. Var. Americana
TROY000032606 Wilcox 12 May 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
22068
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UNA00048774 Mobile 26 Feb 1892 Mohr, Charles
s.n.
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
USAM000015069 Escambia 08 Jun 1969 Kral, Robert
35163
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0004320 Choctaw 15 Mar 2006 Kral, Robert
97067
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
UNA00048756 Sumter 27 May 1969 Thomas, Joab L.
2136
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
UWAL0015749 Covington 14 Mar 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
24880
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UNA00048775 Tuscaloosa 17 Nov 1974 Hoener, Fred K.
1192
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
JSU135906 Etowah 6 May 1996 Hodge-Spaulding, Lesley M.
4459
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0014085 Bullock 31 Jan 2013 Dykes, Bailee
1502
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
JSU135911 Lawrence 9 Apr 1978 Kral, Robert
61412
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA000038217 Limestone 2 Jun 2017 England, J. Kevin
7875
AUA
Ulmus Americana L. Var. Americana
JSU135904 Calhoun 13 Sep 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
2853
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_48523 Pike 4 Mar 1988 Diamond, Alvin R.
4142
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
TROY000009457 Coffee 02 Mar 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
13774
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0039608 Covington 24 Feb 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28069
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
TROY000033669 Dallas 26 Feb 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6293
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_64892 Henry 18 Mar 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
14992
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
JSU135901 Calhoun 19 Feb 1981 Snow, David G.
304
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000038075 Bullock 31 Jan 2013 Dykes, Bailee
1502
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA000032657 Escambia 25 Jun 2010 Hansen, Curtis J.
4829
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
JSU135916 Tuscaloosa 4 Jul 1969 Tudor, Jessica
s.n.
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
USAM000015074 Baldwin 08 May 1970 Wofford, B. Eugene
10480
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
USAM000015066 Baldwin 25 May 1974 LeLong, Michel G.
7778
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000024216 Chilton 18 May 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
15359
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_9663 Lee 15 May 1961 Morgan, L.W.
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
UNA00048791 Baldwin 19 Sep 1982 Powers, Maureen
982
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
JSU135908 Jefferson 1 Mar 1985 Bussey, Melanie G.
s.n.
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000046115 Covington 24 Feb 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28069
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_53074 Dallas 3 Mar 1991 Diamond, Alvin R.
7241
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
UWAL0035177 Limestone 04 Mar 2017 England, J. Kevin
7170
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus var. americana
UWAL0039609 Pike 26 Feb 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28070
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
TROY000046242 Dallas 27 Feb 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28081
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
USAM000015076 Mobile 28 May 1972 LeLong, Michel G.
6519
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0012392 Montgomery 10 Mar 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
23775
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000039152 Tallapoosa 23 Feb 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
24798
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_48901 Coffee 27 May 1988 Diamond, Alvin R.
4872
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
JSU135915 Tuscaloosa 4 Jul 1969 Tudor, Jessica
s.n.
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
USAM000015071 Baldwin 08 May 1970 Wofford, B. Eugene
10480
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
JSU135910 Lawrence 25 May 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17720
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_35659 Baldwin 28 Jun 1977 Botts, Daniel A.
002
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
UWAL0003083 Perry 26 Feb 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6298
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
UNA00048805 Lawrence 08 Apr 1978 Haynes, Robert R.
6433
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
UWAL0046029 Autauga 02 Mar 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
383
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000009459 Crenshaw 24 Feb 2002 Diamond, Alvin R.
12928
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
SAMF0002138 Perry 26 Feb 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6298
SAMF
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0004324 Sumter 02 Oct 1993 Stanton, Lee E.
B-113
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
UNA00066637 Butler 04 Mar 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
17303
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
UWAL0039359 Wilcox 22 Feb 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28068
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
TROY000032811 Bullock 04 Mar 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
21759
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA000038514 Lee 21 Apr 1954 Shipp, K.O.
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
TROY000046116 Wilcox 22 Feb 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28068
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
USAM000015070 Baldwin 03 Aug 1972 LeLong, Michel G.
6714
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000049117 Pickens 26 Mar 2014 Keener, Brian R.
8300
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
JSU135905 Cherokee 24 Mar 1984 Whetstone, R. David
s.n.
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UNA00048794 Greene 23 Apr 1969 Thomas, Joab L.
2003
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
SAMF0002136 Jefferson 13 Apr 1953 Cunningham, J.
s.n.
SAMF
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
JSU135912 Marshall 25 Jun 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
2115
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0003088 Dallas 26 Feb 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6293
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
TROY000033789 Sumter 02 Mar 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6308
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0004322 Sumter 15 Mar 2006 Skinner, Angie
35
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
JSU135902 Calhoun 18 Oct 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
3019
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
SAMF0002137 Sumter 02 Mar 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6308
SAMF
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_70838 Perry 26 Feb 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6298
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
UNA00060372 Coffee 02 Mar 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
13774
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
AUA_ACC_58236 Tallapoosa 11 Apr 1997 Tyler, Patricia J.
TYLER15
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
JSU135909 Jefferson 11 Mar 1985 Barber, J. Patrick
1311
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
ALNHS00001654 Lauderdale 24 Jun 2009 Holt, Brian D.
SC-423a
ALNHS
Ulmus americana L.
AUA000038216 Limestone 4 Mar 2017 England, J. Kevin
7170
AUA
Ulmus Americana L. Var. Americana
TROY000044839 Geneva 23 Feb 2017 Byrd, Cameron
802
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UNA00048771 Morgan 09 Jul 1969 Kral, Robert
35287
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
UWAL0004321 Colbert 07 Jun 1981 Kral, Robert
67357
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
UNA00048757 Montgomery 05 Jun 1969 Thomas, Joab L.
2153
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
UWAL0003048 Sumter 02 Mar 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6308
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
UNA00058377 Crenshaw 24 Feb 2002 Diamond, Alvin R.
12928
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
UWAL0046492 Autauga 14 Mar 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
480
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA000040939 Lee 5 Apr 2017 Taylor, Chris T.
CSP435
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
TROY000046117 Wilcox 22 Feb 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28068
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_61073 Choctaw 20 Oct 1994 Crouch, Virginia E.
1277
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
JSU135896 Calhoun 13 Sep 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
2837
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_70818 Dallas 26 Feb 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6293
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
TROY000009461 Henry 18 Mar 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
14992
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_58253 Tallapoosa 1 May 1997 Tyler, Patricia J.
TYLER52
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
JSU135907 Jefferson 11 Mar 1985 Barber, J. Patrick
1311
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UNA00045722 Barbour 09 May 1998 MacDonald, John R.
11146
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
AUA_ACC_64556 Pike 2 Mar 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
14961
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
JSU135914 Talladega 2 Sep 1983 Whetstone, R. David
13646
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000009460 Dale 21 Jun 1997 Rundell, Hannelore
257
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
UWAL0012718 Marengo 12 Mar 2011 England, J. Kevin
2682
UWAL
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
TROY000038263 Montgomery 10 Mar 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
23775
TROY
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_45248 Conecuh 15 Mar 1987 Diamond, Alvin R.
3027
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
UWAL0004325 Sumter 23 May 1984 Jones
9
UWAL
Ulmus americana L.
UNA00064375 Henry 18 Mar 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
14992
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
AUA000042280 Colbert 19 Nov 2013 Barger, T. Wayne
FH194
AUA
Ulmus Americana L.
UNA00048795 Fayette 3 Mar 1972 Webster, Jana
15
UNA
Ulmus americana L.
USAM000015073 Baldwin 18 Mar 1968 LeLong, Michel G.
4210
USAM
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
JSU135898 Calhoun 13 Sep 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
2823
JSU
Ulmus americana Linnaeus
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