Linaria vulgaris

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:PLANTAGINACEAE
Species:Linaria vulgaris Mill.
Common Name:Butter and Eggs; Yellow Toadflax; Wild Snapdragon
Habitat:Various disturbed sites.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:LIVU2
Plant Notes:Butter and Eggs is an introduced herbaceous perennial in the Plantain family (Plantaginaceae). It is native to Europe, but was introduced into North America as early as the 1600’s as an ornamental, dye, and medicinal plant. In Alabama it occurs most frequently in the northern half of the state. Habitats include roadsides, fields and pastures, around old home sites, and in disturbed areas. Butter and Eggs is a perennial with a tap root and reproduces vegetatively by adventitious buds produced along the roots. Stems are erect or suberect, glabrous, green in color, and up to 1 meter in height. Leaves are alternate, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate in outline, with entire margins. Flowers are produced in terminal 5-50 flowered racemes. Each flower has a 5-lobed green calyx. The corolla is two-lipped, spurred, and bright yellow or cream in color with the lower lip orangish. The fruit is a globular or ovoid capsule. The sed are bark brown or black in color with a prominent encircling wing. Butter and Eggs is considered an invasive species in many states. Each plant is capable of producing up to thirty thousand winged seeds each year, and once established it is difficult to remove. Biological control using two weevil species (Gymnetron antirrhini and Mecinus janthinu), and two moths (Calophasia lunula and Eteobalea serratella) has been effective in some areas.—A. Diamond.
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Not Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyPLANTAGINACEAE - Plantain family
Genus Linaria
Species Linaria vulgaris Mill. - Butter and Eggs; Yellow Toadflax; Wild Snapdragon

Citation

Citation Linaria vulgaris Miller, Gard. Dict. (ed. 8) Linaria no. 1. 1768.
Basionym: **
Type: **

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Linaria linaria    

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Cherokee, Etowah, Lee, Morgan, Tuscaloosa

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: AUA, JSU, UNA, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: -

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
UWAL0030246 Tuscaloosa 17 Jun 2015 Keener, Brian R.
9003		 UWAL
Linaria vulgaris P.Mill
UNA00042105 Morgan _ Sep 1883 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Linaria vulgaris P. Mill.
AUA_ACC_22330 Lee 19 May 1970 REDMOND, BILL
109		 AUA
LINARIA VULGARIS P. MILL.
JSU141379 Cherokee 12 Jul 1982 Whetstone, R. David
11426		 JSU
Linaria vulgaris Miller
AUA_ACC_59930 Lee 9 May 2001 DALRYMPLE, LARRY W.
 AUA
LINARIA VULGARIS P. MILL.
JSU141380 Etowah 27 Aug 1994 Hodge, Lesley M.
3250		 JSU
Linaria vulgaris Miller
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