Perilla frutescens

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:LAMIACEAE
Species:Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
Common Name:Beefsteak Plant; Wild Basil
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Annual
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:PEFR4
Plant Notes:Beefsteak Plant is an introduced annual species in the Mint Family (Lamiaceae). It is native to Asia where it is widely cultivated both as an ornamental and as a food and medicinal plant. In Alabama, it occurs throughout the state. Beefsteak Plant occurs as a weed in gardens and flower beds, in pastures, in disturbed woodlands, around old home sites, and along rivers and creeks. It is an annual with a tap root. It has square stems up to 3 feet in height. The stems are pubescent and often tinted purple. Leaves are opposite, petiolate, ovate-cordate in outline, with serrate margins. The foliage may be green, purple, or reddish. The surface of the leaves are wrinkled. The stems and leaves have a faint musty odor when crushed. The main stem and branches terminate in spike-like racemes of flowers. The two-lipped corolla is pale lavender to white, tubular, and barely exerted from the calyx. The calyx is pubescent with long straight hairs. The fruit is a pair of wrinkled nutlets that develop and mature within the persistent calyx. The dark purple or red leaf forms of Beefsteak Plant have been cultivated in Alabama, and are sometimes called “Wild Coleus”. Fresh leaves of some cultivars can be used in salads, soups and as garnishes. Wild and weedy plants are not recommended for consumption as they may be high in certain toxins. It is responsible for the death of cattle that have grazed on the plant. Beefsteak Plant is sometimes available through nurseries that sell herbs or ones that sell oriental vegetables. It is also available in commercial nurseries as a colorful summer annual. Plants are easily started from seed, and plants will abundantly re-seed themselves. It prefers full sun to partial shade and a moist sandy or organic rich soil.--A. Diamond & B.R. Keener
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Not Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyLAMIACEAE - Mint family
Genus Perilla
Species Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton - Beefsteak Plant; Wild Basil

Citation

Citation Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5(18): 277. 1894.
Basionym: Ocimum frutescens L. 1753.
Type: SRI LANKA: Without data (lectotype: Burman, Thes. Zeylan. t. 80(1). 1737). Lectotypified by Paton, in C.E. Jarvis et al., Regnum Veg. 127: 74. 1993.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Melissa maxima Melissa maxima Arduino, Animadv. Bot. Spec. Alt. 28. 1764.  
Mentha perilloides Mentha perilloides Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 1767, nom. illegit.Ocimum frutescens Linnaeus 1753. 
Ocimum frutescens Ocimum frutescens Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 597. 1753. SRI LANKA: Without data (lectotype: Burman, Thes. Zeylan. t. 80(1). 1737). Lectotypified by Paton, in C. E. Jarvis et al., Regnum Veg. 127: 74. 1993.
Perilla albiflora Perilla albiflora Odashima, J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 7: 84. 1935. TAIWAN
Perilla avium Perilla avium Dunn, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 161. 1913. CHINA
Perilla frutescens var. japonica Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton, var. japonica (Hasskarl) H. Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 203. 1948.Perilla ocymoides Linnaeus, var. japonica Hasskarl 1856. 
Perilla ocymoides Perilla ocymoides Linnaeus, Gen. Pl., ed. 6. 578. 1764, nom. illegit.Ocimum frutescens Linnaeus 1753. 
Perilla ocymoides var. japonica Perilla ocymoides Linnaeus, var. japonica Hasskarl, Retzia 2: 36. 1856. JAPAN
Perilla shimadae Perilla shimadae Kudo, J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 3: 225. 1931. TAIWAN
Perilla utricifolia Perilla utricifolia Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 80. 1796, nom. illegit.Ocimum frutescens Linnaeus 1753. 

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Blount, Butler, Calhoun, Chambers, Cherokee, Choctaw, Clarke, Clay, Cleburne, Coffee, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw, Cullman, Dallas, Elmore, Etowah, Geneva, Greene, Houston, Jackson, Jefferson, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Madison, Marengo, Marion, Marshall, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Pike, Shelby, St. Clair, Sumter, Talladega, Tuscaloosa, Wilcox, Winston

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1982 - 2020

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
JSU126530 Marshall 4 Sep 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
2809		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA_ACC_64303 Crenshaw 22 Aug 2004 Diamond, Alvin R.
14632		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
USAM000007796 Mobile 26 Oct 1967 LeLong, Michel G.
3904.2		 USAM
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU139921 Shelby 11 Oct 1997 Spaulding, Daniel D.
10184		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
SAMF0006953 Lee 20 Sep 2001 Hansen, Curtis J.
2001-68		 SAMF
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU126457 Cherokee 17 Oct 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
3257		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU126459 Choctaw 1 Nov 1997 Whetstone, R. David
19031		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0033339 Lawrence 17 Sep 2016 England, J. Kevin
6849		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
TROY000050112 10 Sep 2011 England, J. Kevin
3138		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU126458 Choctaw 13 Sep 1997 Higginbotham, Jerri W.
171		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0053389 Madison 08 Oct 2020 Hansen, C.J.
7866		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
SAMF0007038 Tuscaloosa 08 Oct 2020 Davenport, Lawrence J.
6796		 SAMF
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU126531 Marshall 4 Sep 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
2820		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA_ACC_38057 Limestone 13 Oct 1969 Kral, Robert
37863		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
AUA_ACC_41797 Clarke 22 Sep 1973 Bedwell, C.R.
0088		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126525 Jackson 11 Sep 1994 Spaulding, Daniel D.
6286		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA_ACC_39127 Dallas 6 Sep 1982 Gunn, Scott C.
1152		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126534 St. Clair 3 Sep 1982 Whetstone, R. David
12106		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
TROY000029604 Baldwin 09 Sep 2009 Barger, T. Wayne
641		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU126526 Jefferson 5 Oct 1984 Barber, J. Patrick
1135		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
TROY000044790 Marengo 12 Jul 2012 England, J. Kevin
3679		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU126529 Madison 22 Sep 1995 Threlkeld, Steven J.
91		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UNA00060555 Tuscaloosa 05 Oct 1980 Lentz, David L.
148		 UNA
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
AUA_ACC_44043 Conecuh 16 Sep 1985 Diamond, Alvin R.
 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
SAMF0007392 Covington 01 Oct 2020 Davenport, L.J.
6756		 SAMF
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA_ACC_40429 Clarke 4 Sep 1970 Kral, Robert
41065		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
AUA_ACC_53108 Coffee 6 Oct 1989 Diamond, Alvin R.
6483		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126533 Monroe 14 Oct 1982 Whetstone, R. David
12806		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA_ACC_39141 Wilcox 9 Sep 1982 Gunn, Scott C.
1279		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
TROY000042003 Houston 04 Jun 2015 Diamond, Alvin R.
26406		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
SAMF0004842 Jefferson 14 Sep 2006 Davenport, Lawrence J.
3572		 SAMF
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
TROY000029781 Jackson 26 Aug 2009 Barger, T. Wayne
350		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU126455 Calhoun 24 Aug 1982 Whetstone, R. David
12002		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
TROY000020925 Montgomery 14 Sep 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
20015		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UNA00056186 Geneva 05 Oct 1998 MacDonald, John R.
12172		 UNA
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126535 St. Clair 12 Nov 1983 Baldwin, D. Dean
s.n.		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
SAMF0004841 Jefferson 09 Sep 2003 Davenport, Lawrence J.
2951		 SAMF
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UNA00054502 Blount 26 Sep 1998 Keener, Brian R.
1681		 UNA
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126527 Jefferson 23 Sep 1984 Bussey, Melanie G.
994		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
SAMF0004843 Jefferson 28 Sep 2006 Davenport, Lawrence J.
3602		 SAMF
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU126522 Etowah 3 Sep 1994 Hodge, Lesley M.
3478		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
TROY000048625 Autauga 24 Aug 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1758		 TROY
Epifagus virginiana (Linnaeus) Bartram
JSU126524 Jackson 18 Sep 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
1409		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
ALNHS00002678 Clarke 10 Jun 2014 Horne, Howard E.
SWS-289		 ALNHS
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
UWAL0031482 Morgan 09 Sep 2012 England, J. Kevin
3922		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
TROY000050741 Morgan 09 Sep 2012 England, J. Kevin
3922		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0052401 Sumter 02 Oct 2017 Keener, Brian R.
10473		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
UWAL0056522 Winston 26 Sep 2020 England, Kevin J.
11219		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
JSU126460 Clarke 13 Sep 1997 Whetstone, R. David
18810		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0034114 Marion 06 Sep 2015 Spaulding, Daniel D.
14424		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
SAMF0004844 Tuscaloosa 04 Sep 1979 Davenport, Lawrence J.
1569		 SAMF
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
TROY000039520 Elmore 07 Jul 2011 Pullen, Robert
28		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU126523 Cleburne 11 Sep 1982 Bussey, Melanie G.
303		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
ALNHS00000555 Jackson 26 Aug 2009 Barger, T. Wayne
HC-350		 ALNHS
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
UWAL0050701 Jefferson 23 Sep 1984 Bussey, Melanie G.
994		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
TROY000049635 Autauga 24 Aug 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
1121		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0013156 Cullman 10 Sep 2011 England, J. Kevin
3138		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UNA00061015 Lee 27 Sep 2001 Hansen, Curtis J.
2001-68		 UNA
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
AUA_ACC_23084 Lee 21 Oct 1971 Hudson, Mary
147		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
TROY000006538 Crenshaw 22 Aug 2004 Diamond, Alvin R.
14632		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0019927 Morgan 20 Sep 2015 England, J. Kevin
5746		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UNA00060150 Mobile 28 Sep 1893 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126532 Monroe 12 Sep 1997 Whetstone, R. David
18527		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0057501 Chambers 07 Oct 2016 Hansen, Curtis J.
6208		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
AUA000043990 Madison 8 Oct 2020 Hansen, Curtis J.
7866		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
TROY000020937 Jefferson 29 Sep 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
15838		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0009719 Greene 28 Oct 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6790		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
AUA_ACC_59943 Lee 27 Sep 2001 Hansen, Curtis J.
2001-68		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126528 Jefferson 17 Oct 1975 Whetstone, R. David
6901		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0006567 Monroe 17 Sep 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
18192		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
TROY000006540 Monroe 04 Oct 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
18451		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA_ACC_35286 Butler 12 Sep 1979 Crawford, Lloyd C.
 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
TROY000042883 Houston 13 Aug 2015 Diamond, Alvin R.
26709		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA_ACC_4120 Montgomery Andrews, Elizabeth F.
 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126456 Calhoun 24 Aug 1982 Whetstone, R. David
12012		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UNA00063557 Crenshaw 22 Aug 2004 Diamond, Alvin R.
14632		 UNA
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
UNA00055920 Houston 08 Sep 1992 MacDonald, John R.
5442		 UNA
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
UWAL0046437 Autauga 24 Aug 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1758		 UWAL
Epifagus virginiana (Linnaeus) Bartram
TROY000006541 Monroe 17 Sep 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
18192		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA000038159 Morgan 20 Sep 2015 England, J. Kevin
5746		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
TROY000039906 Greene 28 Oct 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6790		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0051915 Madison 04 Oct 2020 England, J. Kevin
11268		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
TROY000006539 Lee 27 Sep 2001 Hansen, Curtis J.
68		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0013474 Marengo 12 Jul 2012 England, J. Kevin
3679		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UNA00040344 Dallas 06 Sep 1982 Gunn, Scott C.
1152		 UNA
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
AUA_ACC_65326 Jefferson 29 Sep 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
15838		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
TROY000020926 Geneva 08 Nov 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
18597		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA_ACC_40720 Monroe 1 Sep 1970 Kral, Robert
40941		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
UNA00054002 Blount 06 Sep 1997 Keener, Brian R.
389		 UNA
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126454 Calhoun 5 Oct 1986 Lawler, Carol L.
1347		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
ALNHS00005169 Lee 06 OCT 2017 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#3400		 ALNHS
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
UWAL0032122 Houston 13 Aug 2015 Diamond, Alvin R.
26709		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
TROY000033522 Barbour 03 Sep 2011 Morrison, Derek
57		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
JSU126536 Talladega 2 Sep 1983 Whetstone, R. David
13600		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA000030247 Lee 9 Sep 2014 Barger, T. Wayne
CSP-45		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
TROY000006542 Pike 15 Sep 1999 Hall, James A.
14		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UWAL0017002 Mobile 21 Sep 2013 Horne, Howard E.
2401		 UWAL
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
TROY000020885 Butler 04 Sep 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
19889		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA_ACC_72147 Marengo 12 Jul 2012 England, J. Kevin
3679		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
TROY000006537 Conecuh 24 Aug 2002 Diamond, Alvin R.
13637		 TROY
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
AUA_ACC_51105 Pike 29 Aug 1990 Diamond, Alvin R.
7088		 AUA
Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126453 Bibb 25 Sep 1982 Whetstone, R. David
12541		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
UNA00040345 Tuscaloosa 14 Sep 1985 Horn, Charles N.
888		 UNA
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
JSU126521 Clay 30 Jul 1994 Ballard, J. Mark
4246		 JSU
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton
ALNHS00006605 St. Clair 04 Sep 2019 Barger, T. Wayne
BCC#19		 ALNHS
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
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