Carya cordiformis

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:JUGLANDACEAE
Species:Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
Common Name:Bitternut Hickory; Swamp Hickory
Habitat:Damp bottom lands and floodplains.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Tree
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:**
Plant Notes:Bitternut Hickory is a large native deciduous tree in the Walnut family (Juglandaceae). It can be found throughout Alabama. Bitternut Hickory occurs on river banks, in floodplain forest, along streams, on hillsides, and in glades. It is a large tree reaching 160 feet in height. The bark is thin and tight. On young shoots it is smooth and silvery gray. On older trees it is furrowed with narrow ridges. The terminal bud is elongate with scales that are valvate and yellow or tan in color. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, and pinnately compound with 7-9 leaflets. The terminal leaflet is the largest. Leaflets are ovate-lanceolate in outline, and serrate. The upper surface of the leaflet is dark green in color and glabrous, the lower surface is lighter green in color and pubescent along the veins. The leaves turn yellow before falling in the autumn. Bitternut Hickory is monoecious with male and female flowers produced in the same tree. Male flowers are produced in drooping, yellowish-green catkins in the early spring. Female flowers are produced in a terminal spike of 1-4 flowers. The fruit is a nut enclosed in a thin husk. The fruit is ovoid with 4 ridges that extend from the outer tip of the fruit to about the midpoint. The husk splits along these ridges to release the nut. The meat of the nut is very bitter, and few animals eat them. Bitternut Hickory leaves are a larval food source for the Banded Hairstreak Butterfly (Satyrium calanus).--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, FAC (NWI)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyJUGLANDACEAE - Walnut family
Genus Carya
Species Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch - Bitternut Hickory; Swamp Hickory

Citation

Citation Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch, Dendrologie 1: 597. 1869.
Basionym: Juglans cordiformis Wangenh. 1787.
Type: **

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Carya amara Carya amara (F. Michaux) Nuttall, N. Amer. Sylva 1: 57. 1859.Juglans amara F. Michaux 1817. 
Juglans alba var. minima Juglans alba Linnaeus, var. minima Marshall, Arbust. Amer. 68. 1785.  
Juglans amara Juglans amara F. Michaux, Hist. Arbr. Forest. 1: 177, t. 4. 1810.  
Juglans cordiformis Juglans cordiformis Wangenheim, Beytr. Teutsch. Holzger. Forstwiss. Nordam.Holz. 25, pl. 10, fig. 25. 1787.  
Hicoria cordiformis Hicoria cordiformis (Wangenheim) Britton, in Britton & Shafer, N. Amer. Trees 228. 1908.Juglans cordiformis Wangenheim 1787. 
Hicoria minima Hicoria minima (Marshall) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 284. 1888.Juglans alba Linnaeus, var. minima Marshall 1785. 

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Bibb, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun, Cherokee, Choctaw, Cleburne, Coffee, Colbert, Coosa, Covington, Crenshaw, Cullman, Dale, Dallas, Elmore, Escambia, Etowah, Franklin, Henry, Houston, Jackson, Jefferson, Lamar, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Marshall, Mobile, Monroe, Morgan, Pike, Randolph, Shelby, St. Clair, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Tuscaloosa

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1967 - 2021

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
AUA_ACC_61136 Choctaw 22 Oct 1994 Crouch, Virginia E.
1288		 AUA
Carya Cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
TROY000006344 Crenshaw 25 Jun 2000 Diamond, Alvin R.
11733		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
TROY000006346 Monroe 24 Oct 2006 Diamond, Alvin R.
17119		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0046082 Autauga 11 May 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
779		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
TROY000006345 Dale 16 May 1997 Rundell, Hannelore
178		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0038674 Lawrence 08 Oct 2018 England, J. Kevin
9588		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127554 Cleburne 10 Nov 1968 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
TROY000045382 Autauga 21 Sep 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
1284		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0049942 Elmore 18 Jun 2020 Diamond, Alvin R.
29338		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UNA00031876 Morgan 04 Jul 1980 Meigs, Russell A.
934		 UNA
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
JSU127556 Colbert 5 Jul 1969 Sizemore, Donny
s.n.		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
TROY000050460 Lawrence 01 Sep 2018 England, J. Kevin
9420		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127563 Limestone 27 Oct 1997 Hofmann, Tim L.
00888		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0038656 Morgan 20 Oct 2018 England, J. Kevin
9610		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
AUA_ACC_53611 Talladega 19 Oct 1993 Hilton, Jarel L.
135		 AUA
Carya Cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
TROY000006347 Pike 14 Jul 2000 Diamond, Alvin R.
11837		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0052136 Bibb 27 Oct 2019 Keener, Brian R.
11686		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
TROY000042098 Houston 23 Apr 2015 Diamond, Alvin R.
26216		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU139158 Shelby 11 Oct 1997 Spaulding, Daniel D.
10183		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127565 Randolph 17 Aug 1986 Nixon, Christopher F.
2697		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0046161 Autauga 21 Sep 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
1284		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
TROY000035674 Butler 16 Sep 2012 Diamond, Alvin R.
23377		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
ALNHS00006557 Lee 23 Aug 2019 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#4817		 ALNHS
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
TROY000030362 Jackson 27 Aug 2009 Barger, T. Wayne
391		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0006401 Crenshaw 27 Jul 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
19634		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
TROY000006343 Coffee 15 Oct 1999 Martin, Brian H.
325		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
AUA_ACC_42419 Lee 23 Jun 1972 Nelson, John
27		 AUA
Carya Cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
JSU127566 Talladega 22 Apr 1995 Ballard, J. Mark
5464		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
TROY000049874 Elmore 18 Jun 2020 Diamond, Alvin R.
29338		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
AUA_ACC_73841 Covington 21 Oct 2009 Hansen, Curtis J.
4505		 AUA
Carya Cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
UWAL0053461 Cullman 17 May 1919 Wolf, W.
s.n.		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wang.) Koch.
JSU127552 Cherokee 19 Sep 1985 Shaddix, T.L.
029		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
TROY000020530 Crenshaw 27 Jul 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
19634		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0032740 Franklin 27 May 2016 England, J. Kevin
6401		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0012465 Butler 16 Sep 2012 Diamond, Alvin R.
23377		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127549 Calhoun 7 Sep 1986 Lawler, Carol L.
1136		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
ALNHS00006591 St. Clair 04 Sep 2019 Barger, T. Wayne
BCC#226		 ALNHS
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
AUA000043321 Cullman May 1906 Wolf, Wolfgang
627		 AUA
Carya Cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
JSU127560 Jackson 9 Sep 1972 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
AUA_ACC_48247 Shelby 26 Oct 1980 Webb, A.L.
186		 AUA
Carya Cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
UWAL0050303 Pike 27 Jun 2020 Diamond, Alvin R.
29346		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0056668 Lamar 29 Jun 2021 England, Kevin J.
12345		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K.Koch
JSU127547 Calhoun 5 Aug 1982 Whetstone, R. David
11832		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127548 Calhoun 31 Jul 1996 Hruska, Susan E.
1397		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0039569 Autauga 01 Sep 2016 Parker, Matthew R.
9		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
AUA_ACC_26858 Tallapoosa 12 Aug 1974 Hutto, T.A.
480		 AUA
Carya Cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
TROY000038252 Coosa 20 May 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
24050		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
SAMF0002296 Jefferson 17 Aug 1948 Pannell, E.J.
s.n.		 SAMF
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0042900 Baldwin 08 Jul 2000 Larsen, Harry S.
470		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
JSU127553 Cleburne 8 Mar 1984 Whetstone, R. David
s.n.		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127567 Talladega 2 Sep 1983 Whetstone, R. David
13597		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0046449 Autauga 28 Jun 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
956		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
TROY000043937 Henry 26 May 2016 Diamond, Alvin R.
27423		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127557 Etowah 24 Sep 1995 Hodge-Spaulding, Lesley M.
4384		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0017491 Houston 23 Apr 2015 Diamond, Alvin R.
26216		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127564 Marshall 18 Apr 1993 Spaulding, Daniel D.
3488		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
AUA000043320 Cullman 17 May 1919 Wolf, Wolfgang
 AUA
Carya Cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
JSU127561 Jackson 9 Sep 1972 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127558 Jackson 18 Sep 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
1447		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0038941 Covington 21 Oct 2009 Thompson, Patrick
4505		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
UWAL0045565 Bullock 20 Nov 2018 Horne, Howard E.
4705		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UNA00031866 Tuscaloosa 12 Oct 1967 Thomas, Joab L.
269		 UNA
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
AUA000042489 Escambia 1 Oct 2004 Pancake, Jr., Dale C.
S.N.		 AUA
Carya Cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
TROY000045189 Autauga 01 Sep 2016 Parker, Matthew R.
9		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
SAMF0002295 Jefferson 12 Sep 2006 Davenport, Lawrence J.
3570		 SAMF
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
TROY000050458 Lawrence 08 Oct 2018 England, J. Kevin
9588		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0033325 Franklin 13 Aug 2016 England, J. Kevin
6730		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0044839 Jackson 13 Jul 2019 England, J. Kevin
10431		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127555 Cleburne 10 Nov 1968 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
TROY000048758 Autauga 28 Jun 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
956		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0039344 Henry 26 May 2016 Diamond, Alvin R.
27423		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UNA00053573 Dallas 30 Sep 1969 Thomas, Joab L.
2463		 UNA
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
JSU127568 Talladega 29 Sep 1983 Whetstone, R. David
13774		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0013742 Coosa 20 May 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
24050		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
AUA_ACC_11512 Lee 13 Aug 1967 Hamilton, James H.
 AUA
Carya Cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
TROY000048794 Autauga 11 May 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
779		 TROY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127559 Jackson 22 May 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
700		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127550 Calhoun 18 Sep 1968 Clonts, Jerry A.
s.n.		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
USAM000007467 Mobile 27 May 1978 LeLong, Michel G.
10263		 USAM
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
JSU127551 Calhoun 19 Jun 1970 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0038610 Lawrence 01 Sep 2018 England, J. Kevin
9420		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
UWAL0056278 Morgan 11 Jun 2018 England, Kevin J.
9242		 UWAL
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K.Koch
JSU127562 Lauderdale 4 Aug 1996 Whetstone, R. David
18337		 JSU
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) K. Koch
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