Quercus incana

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:FAGACEAE
Species:Quercus incana W. Bartram
Common Name:Blue Jack Oak; Sand Jack Oak
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Tree
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:QUIN
Plant Notes:Blue Jack Oak is a small deciduous native tree in the Beech family (Fagaceae). It is native to the southern two-thirds of Alabama, but is most common in the southern half of the state. Blue Jack Oak occurs on xeric sites in sandhills, in longleaf pine forests, in scrub oak woodlands, on old dunes, and on hill tops. It is a small tree reaching 30-50 feet in height. The bark is thick, black, and broken into square plates. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic in outline, with entire margins. The upper surface of the leaf is glossy with rarely a few scattered hairs along the midrib or near the base. The lower surface of the leaf is densely grey pubescent. Male flowers are produced in drooping yellowish-red catkins. Female flowers are produced singly or in pairs on short stalks. The fruit is a nut. Acorns take two years to mature. The cup of the acorn is shallow and covers ¼ of the acorn. The acorns are consumed by many types of wildlife, including various species of birds, squirrels, raccoons, wild turkey, and deer. Blue Jack Oak is a common small tree or shrub in xeric sandy sites, often occurring with Turkey Oak (Quercus laevis Walter) and Sand Post Oak (Quercus margarettiae Ashe ex Small). When seen from a distance the trees have a blueish cast. Blue Jack Oak is tardily deciduous, and brown leaves often remain on the tree late into the year. Blue Jack Oak is sometimes available from native plant nurseries. It is very drought tolerant, and its small size makes it better adapted to modern landscapes where other species of oaks may become too large.--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyFAGACEAE - Beech family
Genus Quercus
Species Quercus incana W. Bartram - Blue Jack Oak; Sand Jack Oak

Citation

Citation Quercus incana W. Bartram, Travels Carolina 378, 403. 1791.
Basionym: **
Type: Quercus incana W. Bartram, Travels Carolina 378, 403. 1791.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Dryopsila cinerea Dryopsila cinerea Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 27. 1838.Quercus cinerea Rafinesque 1838, non Michaux 1801. 
Dryopsila cuneifolia Dryopsila cuneifolia Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 27. 1838.Quercus cuneifolia Rafinesque 1838. 
Quercus cinerea Quercus cinerea Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 27. 1838, non Michaux 1801. "Florida and Carol.",
Quercus cinerea var. dentatolobata Quercus cinerea Michaux, var. dentatolobata Alph. de Candolle, in de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 73. 1864. FLORIDA: Without data, Rugel s.n. (holotype: G?).
Quercus cuneifolia Quercus cuneifolia Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 27. 1838. FLORIDA
Quercus phellos var. brevifolia Quercus phellos Linnaeus, var. brevifolia Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 722. 1785.  
Quercus phellos var. latifolia Quercus phellos Linnaeus, var. latifolia Marshall, Arbust. Amer. 124. 1785.  
Quercus phellos var. sericea Quercus phellos Linnaeus, var. sericea Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 354. 1789.  
Quercus pumila var. sericea Quercus pumila Walter, var. sericea (Aiton) Engelmann, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 384. 1876.Quercus phellos Linnaeus, var. sericea Aiton 1789. 
Quercus sericea Quercus sericea (Aiton) Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 424. 1805.Quercus phellos Linnaeus, var. sericea Aiton 1789. 
Quercus brevifolia Quercus brevifolia (Lamarck) Sargent, Silva N. Amer. 8: 171, t. 431. 1895, non Kotschy ex Alph. de Candolle 1864.Quercus phellos Linnaeus, var. brevifolia Lamarck 1785. 
Quercus cinerea Quercus cinerea Michaux, Hist. Chênes Amér. t. 14. 1801.  

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Bullock, Butler, Cherokee, Choctaw, Clarke, Coffee, Conecuh, Coosa, Covington, Crenshaw, Cullman, Dale, Dallas, DeKalb, Elmore, Escambia, Greene, Hale, Houston, Lamar, Lee, Macon, Marengo, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Randolph, Russell, Tuscaloosa

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1896 - 2021

Barcode / Accession No.
County
Coll. Date
Collector &
Collection No.
Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used
Image
UWAL0007686 Autauga 06 Oct 2006 Keener, Brian R.
3125		 UWAL
Quercus incana Bartr.
TROY000020133 Autauga 06 Oct 2006 Keener, Brian R.
3125		 TROY
Quercus incana Bartram
TROY000045712 Autauga 29 Sep 2016 Parker, Matthew R.
144		 TROY
Quercus incana Bartram
UWAL0048154 Autauga 29 Sep 2016 Parker, Matthew R.
144		 UWAL
Quercus incana Bartram
UWAL0046099 Autauga 11 Apr 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
607		 UWAL
Quercus incana Bartram
TROY000047376 Autauga 11 Apr 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
607		 TROY
Quercus incana Bartram
AUA000042931 Baldwin 25 Aug 1925 WOLF, WOLFGANG
1874		 AUA
QUERCUS INCANA BARTR.
AUA000042927 Baldwin 30 Aug 1925 WOLF, WOLFGANG
1873		 AUA
QUERCUS INCANA BARTR.
AUA_ACC_8890 Baldwin 1 May 1965 GAMBLE, TOM
46		 AUA
QUERCUS INCANA BARTR.
JSU123485 Baldwin 17 Aug 1976 Atkinson, Tim A.
1906		 JSU
Quercus incana Bartram
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