Oshuna crassipes

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Family:PONTEDERIACEAE
Species:Oshuna crassipes (Mart.) A. Haines
Common Name:Common Water Hyacinth
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Annual
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:**
Plant Notes:Common Water Hyacinth is an introduced free-floating herbaceous perennial in the Water-Hyacinth family (Pontederiaceae). It is native to the Amazon region of South America. In Alabama it has been found statewide. Common Water Hyacinth is typically free-floating but can be rooted in the mud along the banks of streams, ponds, and lakes. It has a fibrous root system composed of a dense mass of free hanging feathery purple-black roots. Common Water Hyacinth is clonal by elongate horizontal or arching rhizomes. Stems are erect, short, submersed and growing to surface, or emersed and short. Leaves are sessile and form a basal rosette. The leaves typically have a swollen, spongy petiole and an ovate blade. The blade is entire and glabrous. Flowers are produced in erect 4-15 flowered spikes. The flowers are funnelform, blue or purplish in color, 6 lobed with the upper lobe having a darker blue area surrounding a central yellow spot. There are 6 stamens of two different lengths. All flowers open with 2 hours of sunrise and wither by nightfall. Common Water Hyacinth is listed as a Category 1 invasive species by the Alabama Invasive Plant Council and is classified as a noxious weed by the Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries. The sale or shipment of Common Water Hyacinth was banned in the United States in 1956, but this regulation was repealed in 2020. Common Water Hyacinth can block waterways, impede water intakes, and impact fishing and boating. They block sunlight from penetrating the water, out compete native vegetation, and effect water quality. Common Water Hyacinth has been used in waste water treatment to remove heavy metals and other toxins, as a source of biomass, and as animal food.—A. Diamond.
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Not Native, OBL (NWI)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyPONTEDERIACEAE - Water-Hyacinth family
Genus Oshuna
Species Oshuna crassipes (Mart.) A. Haines - Common Water Hyacinth

Citation

Citation Oshuna crassipes (Martius) A. Haines, Bot. Notes 16: 5. 2021.
Basionym: Pontederia crassipes Mart. 1823.
Type: BRAZIL: Bahia: Rio San Francisco near Malhada, s.d., Martius 60 (lectotype: M). Lectotypified by C.N. Horn, in Görts-van Rijn, Fl. Guianas, Ser. A. 15: 94. 1994.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Eichhornia cordifolia Eichhornia cordifolia Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 294. 1920, non A. Richard 1850. FLORIDA: Putnam Co.: Near Palenka [= Palatka], s.d., Williamson s.n. (holotype: LY?).
Eichhornia crassicaulis Eichhornia crassicaulis Schlechtendal, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 6: 177. 1862.  
Eichhornia speciosa Eichhornia speciosa Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 131. 1843, nom. illegit.Pontederia crassipes Martius 1823-1824. 
Heteranthera formosa Heteranthera formosa Miquel, Linnaea 17: 61. 1843. SURINAM: Near Paramaribo, s.d., Focke 97 (holotype: U).
Piaropus tricolor Piaropus tricolor Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 2: 81. 1837 ("1836").  
Piaropus mesomelas Piaropus mesomelas Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 2: 81. 1837 ("1836"), nom. illegit.Pontederia crassipes Martius 1823-1824. 
Pontederia crassipes Pontederia crassipes Martius, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 9, t. 4. 1823-1824. BRAZIL: Bahia: Rio San Francisco near Malhada, s.d., Martius 60 (lectotype: M). Lectotypified by C. N. Horn, in Görts-van Rijn, Fl. Guianas, Ser. A. 15: 94. 1994.
Pontederia elongata Pontederia elongata Balfour, Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 1855: 60. 1855.  
Eichhornia crassipes Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms, Monogr. Phan. 4: 527. 1883.Pontederia crassipes Martius 1823-1824. 
Piaropus crassipes Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) A. Haines, Botanical Notes 15: 6. 2020.Pontederia crassipes Mart. 1823. 
Piaropus crassipes Piaropus crassipes (Martius) Britton, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7(16): 241. 1893.  

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bullock, Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Coffee, Colbert, Conecuh, Dallas, Etowah, Fayette, Jackson, Jefferson, Lauderdale, Lee, Limestone, Macon, Marengo, Marshall, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Pike, Russell, Shelby, Sumter, Tuscaloosa, Washington, Wilcox

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AMAL, AUA, JSU, NY, SAMF, TROY, UNA, UNAF, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1959 - 1994

Barcode / Accession No.
County
Coll. Date
Collector &
Collection No.
Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used
Image
TROY000027610 Autauga 11 Nov 2000 Mims, Melinda
11		 TROY
Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms
UWAL0005081 Autauga 26 May 2006 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12462		 UWAL
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
TROY000029016 Autauga 26 May 2006 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12462		 TROY
Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms
AMAL00013741 Autauga 26 May 2006 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12462		 AMAL
Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms
TROY000050239 Autauga 04 Nov 2020 Parker, Matthew R.
1892		 TROY
Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms
AUA_ACC_12132 Baldwin Jul 1964 ADDISON, JOSEPH H.
 AUA
EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS
AUA000038600 Baldwin 18 Jul 1964 BOYD, C.E.
 AUA
EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS
USAM000013170 Baldwin 15 Jun 1974 LeLong, Michel G.
7842		 USAM
Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms
USAM000013169 Baldwin 20 Oct 1975 LeLong, Michel G.
8862		 USAM
Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms
USAM000013166 Baldwin 30 Jul 1976 LeLong, Michel G.
9312		 USAM
Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms
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