Endodeca serpentaria

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Family:ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Species:Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf.
Common Name:Virginia Snakeroot; Turpentine Root; Virginia Dutchman's Pipe
Habitat:Hardwood or pine forests, woodland edges, and sandhills.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:**
Plant Notes:Turpentine Root is a native herbaceous perennial in the Birthwort family (Aristolochiaceae). It can be found throughout Alabama. Turpentine Root occurs in a variety of habitats from rich hardwood forests, to pine forests, to scrub oak woods, and secondary woods. It has an erect stem up to 1 foot in height. The stem is green and either glabrous or pubescent. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, and highly variable in shape. Leaves vary from linear lanceolate to ovate in outline. They have truncate or cordate bases and glabrous or pubescent surfaces. Flowers are located near the base of the stem. The flowers are often produced beneath the leaf litter. Some flowers are cleistogamous (they never open). The flower is composed of a leathery calyx and lacks a corolla. Flowers are bent in a curved pipe shape with a flaring rim. Flower color is purple-brown spotted with lighter purple, green, and white. The fruit is a capsule. Turpentine Root is highly variable in leaf shape, and several species/varieties have been described. Individuals in the same population can vary greatly. The thick cord-like roots of Turpentine Root have a strong odor of pine sap, giving the species its common name. The dried root has been used in herbal medicine for things such as snake bite, rheumatism, worms, toothaches, sore throats, fever, sore noses, and colds, as a tonic. Large doses can be fatal.--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, FACU (NWI)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyARISTOLOCHIACEAE - Birthwort family
Genus Endodeca
Species Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf. - Virginia Snakeroot; Turpentine Root; Virginia Dutchman's Pipe

Citation

Citation Endodeca serpentaria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque, Med. Fl. 1: 62. 1828.
Basionym: Aristolochia serpentaria L. 1753.
Type: USA: VIRGINIA: Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 1071.7). Lectotypified by Pfeifer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 128. 1966.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Aristolochia arborescens Aristolochia arborescens Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 960. 1753. VIRGINIA: Without data (lectotype: Plukenet, Phytographia t. 78(1). 1691). Lectotypified by Reveal & C. E. Jarvis, Taxon 58: 978. 2009.
Aristolochia convolvulacea Aristolochia convolvulacea Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 335. 1897. GEORGIA: Muscogee Co.: Columbus, s.d., Boykin s.n. (holotype: NY).
Aristolochia officinalis Aristolochia officinalis C. Nees von Esenbeck, Pl. Offic. t. 144. 1828.  
Aristolochia serpentaria var, laxa Aristolochia serpentaria Linnaeus, var. laxa Duchartre, in de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 434. 1864. Without data (holotype: LE; isotype: MO?).
Aristolochia serpentaria var. bartonii Aristolochia serpentaria Linnaeus, var. bartonii Duchartre, in de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 433. 1864, nom. inadmiss.Endodeca bartonii Klotzsch 1860, nom. illegit.; Aristolochia serpentaria Linnaeus 1753. 
Aristolochia serpentaria var. hastata Aristolochia serpentaria Linnaeus, var. hastata (Rafinesque) Duchartre, in de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 434. 1864.Endodeca hastata Rafinesque 1838; Aristolochia hastata Nuttall 1818, non Kunth 1817 
Aristolochia serpentaria var. nashii Aristolochia serpentaria Linnaeus, var. nashii (Kearney) Ahles, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 75: 130. 1959.Aristolochia nashii Kearney 1894. 
Endodeca bartonii Endodeca bartonii Klotzsch, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 600. 1860, nom. illegit.Aristolochia serpentaria Linnaeus 1753. 
Endodeca hastata Endodeca hastata Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 4: 99. 1838 ("1836").Aristolochia hastata Nuttall 1818, non Kunth 1817. 
Endodeca polyrrhizos Endodeca polyrrhizos Klotzsch, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 601. 1860, nom. illegit.Endodeca hastata Rafinesque 1838; Aristolochia hastata Nuttall 1818, non Kunth 1817. 
Endodeca serpentaria var. hastata Endodeca serpentaria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque, var. hastata (Rafinesque) C. F. Reed, Phytologia 50: 461. 1982.Endodeca hastata Rafinesque 1838; Aristolochia hastata Nuttall 1818, non Kunth 1817. 
Pistolochia serpentaria Pistolochia serpentaria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 4: 98. 1838 ("1836").Aristolochia serpentaria Linnaeus 1753. 
Psophiza undulata Psophiza undulata Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 4: 99. 1838 ("1836"). FLORIDA
Aristolochia hastata Aristolochia hastata Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 200. 1818, non Kunth 1817.  
Aristolochia nashii Aristolochia nashii Kearney, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 485. 1894. FLORIDA: Lake Co.: Lake Ella, 1894, Nash 1139 (holotype: US; isotypes: GH, NY, UC).
Aristolochia sagittata    
Aristolochia serpentaria ARISTOLOCHIA SERPENTARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 961. 1753.  

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun, Chilton, Choctaw, Clarke, Clay, Cleburne, Coffee, Colbert, Conecuh, Covington, Cullman, Dale, Dallas, DeKalb, Elmore, Etowah, Hale, Henry, Houston, Jackson, Jefferson, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Lowndes, Macon, Madison, Marengo, Marshall, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Pickens, Pike, Russell, Shelby, St. Clair, Sumter, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Winston

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AMAL, AUA, BRIT, JSU, TROY, UNA, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1998 - 2020

Barcode / Accession No.
County
Coll. Date
Collector &
Collection No.
Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used
Image
BRIT89040 Autauga 01 Jun 1997 Naczi, Robert F.C.
6393		 BRIT
Aristolochia serpentaria Linnaeus
UWAL0011777 Autauga 03 May 2013 Keener, Brian R.
7810		 UWAL
Endodeca serpentaria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque
ALNHS00005190 Autauga 11 OCT 2017 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#3410		 ALNHS
Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf.
TROY000049631 Autauga 17 Apr 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1594		 TROY
Endodeca serpentaria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque
ALNHS00007451 Autauga 28 APR 2021 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#5469		 ALNHS
Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf.
JSU120064 Baldwin 9 Jul 2000 Spaulding, Daniel D.
10773		 JSU
Endodeca serpentaria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque
TROY000035694 Barbour 01 Jun 2012 Minton, Eric W.
23		 TROY
Aristolochia serpentaria Linnaeus
JSU120069 Bibb 22 Jul 1982 Whetstone, R. David
11546		 JSU
Endodeca serpentaria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque
JSU120068 Bibb 13 May 1983 Whetstone, R. David
13408		 JSU
Endodeca serpentaria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque
JSU120066 Bibb 13 May 1983 Whetstone, R. David
13393		 JSU
Endodeca serpentaria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque
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