Tilia americana var. heterophylla

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Family:MALVACEAE
Species:Tilia americana Linnaeus var. heterophylla (Ventenat) Loudon
Common Name:Mountain Basswood; White Basswood; Linden Tree
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Tree
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:TIAMH
Plant Notes:White Basswood is a large native deciduous tree in the Mallow family (Malvaceae). It occurs throughout Alabama. White Basswood grows in ravines, in rich hardwood forests, in prairie woods, and along streams and rivers. It is a large tree with a mature height of 100-120 feet. Bark on young trees is smooth and light gray. On older trees the bark is gray and furrowed and is rough to the touch. Leaves are alternate and two-ranked. The leaf blade is orbicular or cordate in outline with serrate margins. The teeth of the margins are glandular. The upper surface of the leaf is dark green and the lower surface is glaucous. The bases of the leaves are often not symmetrical. Flowers are produced in drooping cymes. Each cyme has 10-20 flowers. The lower half of the peduncle of the cyme adheres to an elongated floral bract. Individual flowers have 5 cream colored sepals and 5 cream colored petals. The flowers are fragrant. The fruit is a round woody nutlet. Leaves often turn bright yellow in the autumn before falling. White Basswood is a good ornamental tree for landscapes with enough room for it. Charles Sargent, in The Silva of North America, said of it: "Few North American trees surpass it in beauty of foliage; and the contrast made by the snowy whiteness of the under surface of its ample leaves as they flutter on their slender stems, with the dark green of the Hemlocks and Laurels on the banks of rapid mountain streams produces one of the most beautiful effects which can be seen in the splendid forests which clothe the valleys of the southern Appalachian Mountains." Taxonomy of Basswoods in subject to much disagreement and debate. Some prefer to recognize several taxa at the species level, while others prefer to recognize them as varieties of the widespread American Basswood (Tilia americana Linnaeus). Southern Basswood (Tilia americana Linnaeus var. caroliniana (P. Miller) Castiglioni) is the other variety recognized as occurring in Alabama. It differs from White Basswood b
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyMALVACEAE - Mallow family
Genus Tilia
Species Tilia americana Linnaeus var. heterophylla (Ventenat) Loudon - Mountain Basswood; White Basswood; Linden Tree

Citation

Citation TILIA AMERICANA Linnaeus, var. HETEROPHYLLA (Ventenat) Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 1: 375. 1838.
Basionym: Tilia heterophylla Ventenat 1800.
Type: SOUTH CAROLINA:

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Tilia americana subsp. heterophylla Tilia americana Linnaeus, subsp. heterophylla (Ventenat) E. Murray, Kalmia 13: 32. 1983.Tilia heterophylla Ventenat 1800. 
Tilia australis Tilia australis Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 761, 1335. 1903. ALABAMA: Blount Co.: Without locality, 20 Jun 1897, Eggert s.n. (holotype: NY; isotype: MO).
Tilia caroliniana var. lata Tilia caroliniana Miller, var. lata (Ashe) Ashe, Torreya 31: 39. 1931.Tilia lata Ashe 1926. 
Tilia eburnea var. lasioclada Tilia eburnea Ashe, var. lasioclada (Sargent) Ashe, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 31. 1926.Tilia lasioclada Sargent 1918. 
Tilia floridana var. australis Tilia floridana Small, var. australis (Small) Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 66: 435. 1918.Tilia australis Small 1903. 
Tilia heterophylla var. amphibola Tilia heterophylla Ventenat, var. amphibola Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 66: 507. 1918. FLORIDA: Gadsden Co.: River Junction, s.d., Harbison 1484 (holotype: A).
Tilia heterophylla var. michauxii Tilia heterophylla Ventenat, var. michauxii Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 66: 506. 1918.  
Tilia heterophylla var. microdonta Tilia heterophylla Ventenat, var. microdonta V. Engler, Monogr. Gatt. Tilia 135. 1909.  
Tilia heterophylla var. nivea Tilia heterophylla Ventenat, var. nivea Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 66: 507. 1918. FLORIDA: Gadsden Co.: River Junction, 19 Apr & 20 Jun 1917, Harbison 29 (holotype: A).
Tilia heterophylla var. tenera Tilia heterophylla Ventenat, var. tenera (Ashe) Ashe, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 30. 1926.Tilia tenera Ashe 1917. 
Tilia lasioclada Tilia lasioclada Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 66: 502. 1918. GEORGIA: Richmond Co.: Slopes near the Savannah River 3 mi. below Augusta, 17 Jun & 23 Aug 1916, Harbison 8 (holotype: A).
Tilia lata Tilia lata Ashe, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 30. 1926. ALABAMA: Winston Co.: Near Sipsey Fork Bridge between Addison and Houston, May 1923, Ashe s.n. (holotype: NCU?).
Tilia monticola Tilia monticola Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 66: 508. 1918. NORTH CAROLINA:
Tilia opposita Tilia opposita Ashe, Bull. Charleston Mus. 13: 27. 1917. GEORGIA: Rabun Co.:
Tilia tenera Tilia tenera Ashe, Bull. Charleston Mus. 13: 271. 1917. NORTH CAROLINA: Moore Co.: Near Jessup,
Tilia venulosa Tilia venulosa Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 66: 428. 1918. NORTH CAROLINA
Tilia eburnea Tilia eburnea Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 33: 231. 1902. NORTH CAROLINA: Polk Co.: Near Esmeralda Inn along the Hickorynut Creek, 10 Jul 1895, Ashe 142 (holotype: NCU; isotype: NY).
Tilia heterophylla Tilia heterophylla Ventenat, Anales Hist. Nat. 2: 68. 1800. SOUTH CAROLINA:
Tilia michauxii    

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Bullock, Calhoun, Chambers, Cherokee, Clarke, Cleburne, Coosa, Crenshaw, Cullman, Dallas, Elmore, Etowah, Fayette, Franklin, Geneva, Henry, Houston, Lawrence, Lee, Lowndes, Madison, Montgomery, Pike, Russell, Shelby, St. Clair, Tuscaloosa, Wilcox, Winston

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1888 - 1998

Barcode / Accession No.
County
Coll. Date
Collector &
Collection No.
Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used
Image
UWAL0047191 Autauga 24 Aug 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
1147		 UWAL
Tilia americana Linnaeus var. heterophylla (Ventenat) Loudon
AUA000042022 Bullock 20 Jun 2016 BARGER, T.WAYNE
WLE-59		 AUA
TILIA AMERICANA L. VAR. HETEROPHYLLA (VENT.) LOUD.
UWAL0045238 Bullock 29 Aug 2017 Horne, Howard E.
4193		 UWAL
Tilia americana Linnaeus var. heterophylla (Ventenat) Loudon
AUA_ACC_41847 Calhoun 15 Jul 1973 SPENCER, S.K.
090		 AUA
TILIA AMERICANA L. VAR. HETEROPHYLLA (VENT.) LOUD.
UNA00021967 Calhoun 28 May 1974 Kral, Robert
53126		 UNA
Tilia heterophylla Vent.
UNA00010738 Calhoun 24 May 1979 Haynes, Robert R.
7180		 UNA
Tilia heterophylla Vent.
SAMF0003415 Calhoun 08 Jul 2013 Davenport, Lawrence J.
5514		 SAMF
Tilia americana Linnaeus var. heterophylla (Ventenat) Loudon
UNA00010728 Chambers 02 Jul 1979 Haynes, Robert R.
7382		 UNA
Tilia heterophylla Vent.
JSU135891 Cherokee 31 May 1968 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.		 JSU
Tilia americana Linnaeus var. heterophylla (Ventenat) Loudon
UNA00010763 Clarke 22 Apr 1888 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Tilia heterophylla Vent.
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