Chrysogonum virginianum var. australe

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:ASTERACEAE
Species:Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
Common Name:Southern Green and Gold; Gulf Coast Green and Gold
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:**
Plant Notes:Southern Green and Gold is a native herbaceous perennial in the Sunflower family (Asteraceae). It is native to southern two-thirds of Alabama. Southern Green and Gold occurs in mesic hardwood forests, on ravine slopes, and on higher terraces along streams. It is a perennial with a fibrous root system from short rhizomes. Leaves form a basal rosette with a very short upright stem. The leaves are petiolate, elliptic to ovate in outline, pubescent, with crenate margins. Variety australe is colonial from long stolons. Flowers are produced in heads. The heads are solitary on short peduncles. The flower heads are subtended by 2 series of phyllaries. The outer series is large and foliaceous and the inner series in smaller. Each flower head has 5 pistillate ray flowers and 25-50 staminate disc flowers. The ray and disc flowers are yellow in color. The fruit is an achene. The achene is attached to one inner phyllary, 3 paleae, and 3 disc florets, forming a "cypsela-complex" that falls as a single unit. The complex also contains an elaiosome at the base of the phyllary. The elaiosome is a fleshy, oil-rich structure that functions to attract ants which disperse the fruit. Southern Green and Gold is often available from native plant nurseries. It can be naturalized as a ground cover under trees, or used as a “filler” between other larger perennials.--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyASTERACEAE - Aster family
Genus Chrysogonum
Species Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles - Southern Green and Gold; Gulf Coast Green and Gold

Citation

Citation Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) H.E. Ahles, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80(2): 173. 1964.
Basionym: Chrysogonum australe Alexander ex Small 1933.
Type: USA: FLORIDA: Jackson Co.: Ca. 1 mi. E of Marianna, 16 Mar 1925, Harper s.n. (holotype: NY; isotypes: GH, US).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Chrysogonum diotostephus Chrysogonum diotostephus de Candolle, Prodr 5: 510. 1836, nom. illegit.Diotostephus repens Cassini 1827. 
Diotostephus repens Diotostephus repens Cassini, in Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 48: 544. 1827.  
Chrysogonum australe Chrysogonum australe Alexander ex Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 1415, 1509. 1933. FLORIDA: Jackson Co.: Ca. 1 mi. E of Marianna, 16 Mar 1925, Harper s.n. (holotype: NY; isotypes: GH, US).

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Bullock, Butler, Chambers, Choctaw, Crenshaw, Dale, Henry, Houston, Lee, Macon, Marshall, Mobile, Monroe, Pike, Randolph, Russell, Washington

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AMAL, AUA, BRIT, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1896 - 1975

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
BRIT90615 Dale 01 Apr 1967 Kral, Robert
28110		 BRIT
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
TROY000024624 Crenshaw 22 Mar 2009 Diamond, Alvin R.
20541		 TROY
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus
AUA000002133 Pike 7 Mar 1988 Diamond, Alvin R.
4154		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
AUA000002136 Lee 16 Apr 1975 Veal, Fred
071		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
AUA000002128 Henry 26 Mar 1988 Diamond, Alvin R.
4300		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
BRIT90592 Washington 28 Mar 1986 Kral, Robert
73182		 BRIT
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
USAM000001988 Mobile 02 Apr 1976 LeLong, Michel G.
9082		 USAM
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
BRIT90619 Autauga 12 Apr 1975 Kral, Robert
54955		 BRIT
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
TROY000037279 Butler 06 Mar 2013 Webb, Wayne K.
s.n.		 TROY
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
ALNHS00006079 Henry 19 Jun 2018 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#3932		 ALNHS
Chrysogonum australe Alexander
UWAL0038745 Choctaw 17 Mar 2018 Keener, Brian R.
10510		 UWAL
Chrysogonum australe Alexander ex Small
TROY000038630 Bullock 28 Mar 2013 Dykes, Bailee
1536		 TROY
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus
TROY000037762 Bullock 18 Mar 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
23838		 TROY
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
AUA000002131 Macon 23 Apr 1981 Robinson, C.L.
060		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
BRIT90595 Henry 01 Apr 1967 Kral, Robert
28135		 BRIT
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
AUA000002132 Pike 4 Apr 1975 Sessler, Ann H.
017		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
UNA00053476 Marshall 06 Jul 1956 Thomas, Joab L.
1642		 UNA
Chrysogonum virginianum L.
AUA000002129 Lee 3 Apr 1969 Moore, Harold D.
034-69		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
AUA000002134 Pike 30 Mar 1974 Jenkins, J.D.
048		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
UWAL0037061 Russell 24 Mar 2018 Finzel, Brian
s.n.		 UWAL
Chrysogonum australe Alexander ex Small
BRIT90594 Houston 12 Mar 1967 McDaniel, Sidney
8543		 BRIT
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
AUA000002127 Dale 8 Mar 1992 Diamond, Alvin R.
7933		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
BRIT90614 Dale 01 Apr 1967 Kral, Robert
28110		 BRIT
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
UWAL0013954 Bullock 28 Mar 2013 Dykes, Bailee
1536		 UWAL
Chrysogonum virginianum L.
AUA000002126 Crenshaw 16 Mar 1990 Diamond, Alvin R.
6720		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
UWAL0017826 Washington 28 Mar 1986 Kral, Robert
73182		 UWAL
Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
BRIT90593 Houston 05 Mar 1993 MacDonald, John R.
5864		 BRIT
Chrysogonum australe Alexander
UWAL0000509 Choctaw 15 Mar 2006 Kral, Robert
97066		 UWAL
Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
UNA00045702 Mobile _ Apr 1879 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Chrysogonum virginianum L.
AUA000002135 Lee 3 Apr 1959 Beckert, Heino
 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
TROY000052114 Houston 04 Apr 2021 Diamond, Alvin R.
29563		 TROY
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
AMAL00008897 Randolph 29 Apr 1988 Nixon, Christoper F.
3781		 AMAL
Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. brevistolon Nesom
TROY000001642 Dale 10 Mar 2000 Pennington, Tiffany
401		 TROY
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus
UWAL0012282 Choctaw 07 Apr 2013 Keener, Brian R.
7743		 UWAL
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
AUA000002130 Lee 17 Apr 1964 Creel, John
 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
BRIT90618 Choctaw 15 Mar 2006 Kral, Robert
97066		 BRIT
Chrysogonum australe Alexander ex Small
TROY000041052 Choctaw 07 Apr 2013 Keener, Brian R.
7743		 TROY
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
UNA00045536 Autauga 12 Apr 1975 Kral, Robert
54955		 UNA
Chrysogonum australe Alexander ex Small
AMAL00013072 Autauga 12 Apr 1975 Kral, Robert
54955		 AMAL
Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
TROY000014611 Monroe 26 Apr 2008 Keener, Brian R.
4251		 TROY
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
AUA000002125 Chambers 1 Apr 1975 Rutland, David W.
065		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
UNA00045701 04 Apr 1896 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Chrysogonum virginianum L.
BRIT90616 Choctaw 11 Apr 1964 Kral, Robert
19755		 BRIT
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
TROY000037759 Butler 26 Jan 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
23857		 TROY
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
UWAL0038747 Choctaw 17 Mar 2018 Keener, Brian R.
10512		 UWAL
Chrysogonum australe Alexander ex Small
UWAL0000512 Pike 25 Mar 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
18802		 UWAL
Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
ALNHS00002877 Russell 18 Mar 2014 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#1312		 ALNHS
Chrysogonum australe Alexander
ALNHS00008418 Houston 12 Jul 2023 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#6145		 ALNHS
Chrysogonum australe Alexander
AUA000002137 Randolph 8 Mar 1959 Dorough, Wyman
 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
BRIT90613 Henry 07 Jun 1976 Kral, Robert
58184		 BRIT
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
UWAL0013030 Bullock 18 Mar 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
23838		 UWAL
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
TROY000014612 Pike 25 Mar 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
18802		 TROY
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus
UWAL0000511 Monroe 26 Apr 2008 Keener, Brian R.
4251		 UWAL
Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
UWAL0000510 Crenshaw 22 Mar 2009 Diamond, Alvin R.
20541		 UWAL
Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
ALNHS00001101 Dale 16 May 2012 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#467		 ALNHS
Chrysogonum australe Alexander
AUA000002124 Bullock 13 Mar 1988 Diamond, Alvin R.
4197		 AUA
Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
BRIT90617 Choctaw 12 Apr 1970 Smith, Louise G.
207		 BRIT
Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus var. australe (Alexander ex Small) Ahles
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