Achillea borealis

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:ASTERACEAE
Species:Achillea borealis Bong.
Common Name:Common Yarrow; Thousand Leaf; Milfoil
Habitat:Fields and disturbed soils.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:**
Plant Notes:Common Yarrow is a complex of native and introduced plants that have hybridized, forming diploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, septaploid, and octoploid populations. It has variously been treated as several species, as one species with multiple varieties, or as a single highly variable species. It occurs throughout the northern hemisphere. In Alabama, Common Yarrow can be found statewide. It is often cultivated and persists around old home sites. It can also be found on roadsides, in fields and pastures, in vacant lots, and on waste ground. Common Yarrow is a perennial with short rhizomes and sometimes stolons. The stems are erect and branched above the middle. Stems are from 1-3 feet in height. The stems are densely lanate (woolly) pubescent to almost glabrous. Leaves are basal and cauline. The cauline leaves are alternate on the stem. The leaves are petiolate or sessile and 1-2 pinnately lobed. The leaves are densely lanate to almost glabrous. Flowers are produced in heads. The heads are terminal in flat topped corymbs. There are 3-8 white ray flowers per head and 10-20 white disc flowers. The fruit is a winged achene. Common Yarrow is widely cultivated as an ornamental and as an herb. It is readily available from nurseries, and several varieties are available including dwarf forms and forms with pink flowers. Common Yarrow grows well in almost any soil. It can become weedy and aggressive in the flower bed. The genus is named for Achilles, hero of the Trojan War. He is said to have used the plant to treat soldier’s wounds on the battlefield.--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:In most earlier floras and treatments this species was referred to as A. millefolium L., however, it may be that this taxon was misapplied (Weakley 2015).
Status:Native, FACU (NWI)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyASTERACEAE - Aster family
Genus Achillea
Species Achillea borealis Bong. - Common Yarrow; Thousand Leaf; Milfoil

Citation

Citation Achillea borealis Bongard, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math.  2(2): 149. 1832.
Basionym: **
Type: USA: ALASKA: Sitka Co.: Sitka Island,

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Achillea pecten-veneris Achillea pecten-veneris Pollard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 371. 1899. MEXICO: Guanajuato: Guanajuato, s.d., Duges 421 (holotype: GH).
Achillea alpicola Achillea alpicola (Rydberg) Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 157. 1906.Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, var. alpicola Rydberg 1900. 
Achillea angustissima Achillea angustissima Rydberg, in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 225. 1916. OREGON: Nasqually, s.d., Wilkes Expedition 41 (holotype: NY).
Achillea arenicola Achillea arenicola A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 61. 1904. CALIFORNIA: Sonoma Co.: Bodega Bay,
Achillea borealis subsp. californica Achillea borealis Bongard, subsp. californica (Pollard) D. D. Keck, in J. Clausen et al., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 520: 299. 1940.Achillea californica Pollard 1899. 
Achillea borealis var. californica Achillea borealis Bongard, var. californica (Pollard) J. T. Howell, Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 107. 1948.Achillea californica Pollard 1899. 
Achillea borealis subsp. arenicola Achillea borealis Bongard, subsp. arenicola (A. Heller) D. D. Keck, in J. Clausen et al., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 520: 299. 1940.Achillea arenicola A. Heller 1904. 
Achillea borealis subsp. typica Achillea borealis Bongard, subsp. typica D. D. Keck, in J. Clausen et al., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 520: 299. 1940, nom. inadmiss.Achillea borealis Bongard 1832. 
Achillea borealis var. arenicola Achillea borealis Bongard, var. arenicola (A. Heller) J. T. Howell, Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 107. 1948.Achillea arenicola A. Heller 1904. 
Achillea californica Achillea californica Pollard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 369. 1899. CALIFORNIA: San Diego Co.: Santa Ysabel, May 1893, Henshaw s.n. (holotype: US).
Achillea capillaris Achillea capillaris Poiret, in Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 1: 102. 1810. FRANCE
Achillea ceretanica Achillea ceretanica Sennen, Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 235. 1916.  
Achillea collina Achillea collina Becker ex Reichenbach, Fl. Germ. Excurs. 850. 1832. GERMANY
Achillea collina var. tubuliflora Achillea collina Becker ex Reichenbach, var. tubuliflora Dabrowska, Prace Bot. Univ. Wroclawsk. 24: 179. 1982. POLAND
Achillea crustata Achillea crustata (Rochel) Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 329. 1866.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. crustata Rochel 1828. 
Achillea eradiata Achillea eradiata Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 33: 105. 1920. OREGON: Linn Co.: Pamelia Lake, foot of Mt. Jefferson, 13 Aug 1919, Nelson 2791 (holotype: ?; isotype: US).
Achillea fusca Achillea fusca Rydberg, in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 221. 1916. WASHINGTON: Mt. Paddo, 28 Sep 1893, Suksdorf 1606 (holotype: NY).
Achillea gigantea Achillea gigantea Pollard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 370. 1899. CALIFORNIA: Tulare Co.: Near Tulare Lake, Aug 1892, Palmer s.n. (holotype: US).
Achillea gracilis Achillea gracilis Rafinesque, Atl. J. 177. 1833. TEXAS
Achillea haenkeana Achillea haenkeana Tausch, Flora 4: 567. 1821. CZECH REPUBLIC
Achillea inundata Achillea inundata Kondratjuk, in Wissjulina, Fl. RSS Ucr. 9: 244, 253. 1962. UKRAINE
Achillea lanulosa Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 36. 1834. IDAHO: Idaho Co.: Kooskoosky (Clearwater) River, s.d., Lewis s.n. (holotype: PH).
Achillea lanulosa var. alpicola Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, var. alpicola Rydberg, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 426. 1900. WYOMING: Teton Co.: Teton Forest Reserve, Aug 1897, Tweedy 516 (holotype: NY).
Achillea lanulosa var. eradiata Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, var. eradiata (Piper) M. Peck, Man. Pl. Oregon 763. 1941.Achillea eradiata Piper 1920. 
Achillea lanulosa subsp. alpicola Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, subsp. alpicola (Rydberg) D. D. Keck, in J. Clausen et al., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 520: 300. 1940.Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, var. alpicola Rydberg 1900. 
Achillea lanulosa subsp. typica Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, subsp. typica D. D. Keck, in J. Clausen et al., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 520: 299. 1940, nom. inadmiss.Achillea lanulosa Nuttall 1834. 
Achillea lanulosa var. arachnoidea Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, var. arachnoidea Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1: 235. 1910. NORTH DAKOTA: Rolette Co.: Turtle Mountains, Jul 1910,
Achillea laxiflora Achillea laxiflora Pollard & Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 179. 1902. NEW MEXICO: Bernalillo Co.: Sandia Mountains, s.d., Ellis s.n. (holotype: US).
Achillea megacephala Achillea megacephala Raup, J. Arnold Arbor. 17: 306, pl. 199. 1936. CANADA: Alberta: W of William Point, Lake Athabaska, 20 Aug 1935, Raup 6913 (holotype: GH).
Achillea millefolium Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 899. 1753. Without data (lectotype: LINN 1017.20). Lectotypified by Huber-Morath, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 84: 154. 1975.
Achillea millefolium var. alpestris Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. alpestris Wimmer & Grabowski, Fl. Siles. 2(1): 169. 1829. CZECH REPUBLIC:
Achillea millefolium var. alpicola Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. alpicola (Rydberg) Garrett, Spring Fl. Wasatch 101. 1911.Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, var. alpicola Rydberg 1900. 
Achillea millefolium var. dipetala Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. dipetala Dabrowska, Prace Bot. Univ. Wroclawsk. 24: 119. 1982. POLAND
Achillea millefolium var. fusca Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. fusca (Rydberg) G. N. Jones, Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5: 250. 1936.Achillea fusca Rydberg 1916. 
Achillea millefolium var. lanulosa Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. lanulosa (Nuttall) Piper, Mazama 2: 97. 1901.Achillea lanulosa Nuttall 1834. 
Achillea millefolium var. pacifica Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. pacifica (Rydberg) G. N. Jones, Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5: 250. 1936.Achillea pacifica Rydberg 1916. 
Achillea millefolium var. puberula Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. puberula (Rydberg) Nobs, in Ferris, Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 102. 1958.Achillea puberula Rydberg 1916. 
Achillea millefolium var. rosea Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. rosea Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 409. 1842.  
Achillea millefolium var. russeolata Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. russeolata B. Boivin, Canad. Field- Naturalist 65: 10. 1951. CANADA: Saskatchewan: Tisdale, 1 Aug 1943, Breitung 1754 (holotype: DAO).
Achillea millefolium var. spathulata Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. spathulata Dabrowska, Prace Bot. Univ. Wroclawsk. 24: 120. 1982. POLAND
Achillea millefolium var. asplenifolia Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. asplenifolia (Ventenat) Farwell, Asa Gray Bull. 3: 21. 1895.Achillea asplenifolia Ventenat 1803. 
Achillea millefolium var. borealis Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. borealis (Bongard) Farwell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 268. 1929.Achillea borealis Bongard 1832. 
Achillea millefolium var. colliniformis Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. colliniformis Dabrowska, Prace Bot. Univ. Wroclawsk. 24: 118. 1982. POLAND
Achillea millefolium var. dissecta Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. dissecta Dabrowska, Prace Bot. Univ. Wroclawsk. 24: 131. 1982. POLAND
Achillea millefolium var. fulva Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. fulva B. Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 11. 1951. CANADA: British Columbia: Mt. Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, 7 Aug 1901, Anderson & Fletcher 947 (holotype: DAO).
Achillea millefolium var. gracilis Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. gracilis (Rafinesque) de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 24. 1836.Achillea gracilis Rafinesque 1833. 
Achillea millefolium var. maritima Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. maritima Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 1137. 1925. CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co.: West Berkeley, San Francisco Bay, s.d., Jepson s.n. (holotype: CAS?).
Achillea millefolium var. maritima Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. maritima Dabrowska, Prace Bot. Univ. Wroclawsk. 24: 119. 1982, non Jepson 1925. POLAND
Achillea millefolium var. megacephala Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. megacephala (Raup) B. Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 10. 1951.Achillea megacephala Raup 1936. 
Achillea millefolium var. pallidotegula Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. pallidotegula B. Boivin, Canad. Field- Naturalist 65: 9. 1951, nom. illegit.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. lanulosa (Nuttall) Piper 1901; Achillea lanulosa Nuttall 1834. 
Achillea millefolium var. parviligula Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. parvilibula B. Boivin, Canad. Field- Naturalist 65: 11. 1951. ALASKA: Kodiak Group, Raspberry Island, Raspberry Strait, Port Vita, 25 Jul 1945, Eyerdam 3841 (holotype: DAO).
Achillea millefolium subsp. asplenifolia Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, subsp. asplenifolia (Ventenat) J. Weiss, in W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3. 1403. 1895.Achillea asplenifolia Ventenat 1803. 
Achillea millefolium subsp. atrotegula Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, subsp. atrotegula B. Boivin, Canad. Field- Naturalist 65: 10. 1951.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. nigrescens E. Meyer 1830. 
Achillea millefolium subsp. borealis Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, subsp. borealis (Bongard) Breitung, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 58: 58. 1957.  
Achillea millefolium subsp. collina Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, subsp. collina (Becker ex Reichenbach) J. Weiss, in W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3. 1403. 1895.Achillea collina J. Becker ex Reichenbach 1832. 
Achillea millefolium subsp. lanulosa Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, subsp. lanulosa (Nuttall) Piper, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 584. 1906.Achillea lanulosa Nuttall 1834. 
Achillea millefolium subsp. pallidotegula Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, subsp. pallidotegula B. Boivin, Canad. Field- Naturalist 65: 9. 1951, nom. illegit.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, subsp. lanulosa (Nuttall) Piper 1906; Achillea lanulosa Nuttall 1834. 
Achillea millefolium subsp. sudetica Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, subsp. sudetica (Opiz) J. Weiss, in W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3. 1404. 1895.Achillea sudetica Opiz 1813. 
Achillea millefolium var. arenicola Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. arenicola (A. Heller) Nobs, in Ferris, Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 102. 1958.Achillea arenicola A. Heller 1904. 
Achillea millefolium var. atrotegula Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. atrotegula (B. Boivin) B. Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 10. 1951, nom. illegit.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, subsp. atrotegula B. Boivin 1951; Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. nigrescens E. Meyer 1830. 
Achillea millefolium var. californica Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. californica (Pollard) Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 1137. 1925.Achillea californica Pollard 1899. 
Achillea millefolium var. crustata Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. crustata Rochel, Pl. Banat. Rar. 71, f. 65. 1828. HUNGARY
Achillea millefolium var. gigantea Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. gigantea (Pollard) Nobs, in Ferris, Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 102. 1958.Achillea gigantea Pollard 1899. 
Achillea millefolium var. litoralis Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. litoralis Ehrendorfer ex Nobs, in Ferris, Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 101. 1958.OREGON: Curry Co.: S of Port Orford, 21 Jun 1949, Clausen 2142 (holotype: CAS). 
Achillea millefolium var. lobata Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. lobata Dabrowska, Prace Bot. Univ. Wroclawsk. 24: 120. 1982. POLAND
Achillea millefolium var. nigrescens Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. nigrescens E. Meyer, Pl. Labrador 64. 1830. CANADA: Newfoundland: Labrador,
Achillea millefolium var. parvula Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. parvula B. Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 11. 1951. CANADA: Manitoba: Fort Churchill, 9 Jul 1948, Gillett 2038 (holotype: DAO; isotype: DAO).
Achillea millefolium var. sordida Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. sordida W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. 373. 1837.  
Achillea monticola Achillea monticola Martrin-Donos, Pl. Crit. Tarn 31. 1862. FRANCE
Achillea nigrescens Achillea nigrescens (E. Meyer) Rydberg, in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 221. 1916.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. nigrescens E. Meyer 1830. 
Achillea ossica Achillea ossica K. Koch, Linnaea 24: 323. 1851.  
Achillea pacifica Achillea pacifica Rydberg, in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 222. 1916. CALIFORNIA: Siskiyou Co.: Grenada, 19 Jun 1905, Heller 8067 (holotype: NY).
Achillea palmeri Achillea palmeri Rydberg, in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 221. 1916. MEXICO: Coahuila: Saltillo, 10-20 Nov 1902, Palmer 326 (holotype: NY).
Achillea polyphylla Achillea polyphylla Schleicher ex W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 2. 411. 1846. SWITZERLAND
Achillea puberula Achillea puberula Rydberg, in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 223. 1916. CALIFORNIA: Solano Co.: Suisun Marsh, 6 Jul 1913, Eastwood 3460 (holotype: NY).
Achillea roseoalba Achillea roseoalba Ehrendorfer, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 106: 358. 1959.  
Achillea scabra Achillea scabra Host, Fl. Austriac. 2: 512. 1831. AUSTRIA
Achillea seidlii Achillea seidlii J. Presl & C. Presl, Fl. Cech. 173. 1819. CZECH REPUBLIC
Achillea sordida Achillea sordida (W. D. J. Koch) Dalla Torre & Sarntheim, Fl. Tirol. 6(3): 529. 1912.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. sordida W. D. J. Koch 1837. 
Achillea subalpina Achillea subalpina Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 145. 1905. COLORADO: Saguache Co.: Mt. Ouray, s.d., Baker 842 (holotype: NDG).
Achillea sudetica Achillea subalpina Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 145. 1905. COLORADO: Saguache Co.: Mt. Ouray, s.d., Baker 842 (holotype: NDG).
Achillea sudetica Achillea sudetica Opiz, Hesperus 2: 623. 1813. CZECH REPUBLIC
Alitubus millefolium Alitubus millefolium (Linnaeus) Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrenees 500. 1867.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus 1753. 
Chamaemelum millefolium Chamaemelum millefolium (Linnaeus) E. H. L. Krause, in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 2. 13: 216. 1905.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus 1753. 
Ptarmica borealis Ptarmica borealis (Bongard) de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 21. 1838.Achillea borealis Bongard 1832. 
Achillea aspleniifolia Achillea asplenifolia Ventenat, Descr. Pl. Nouv. t. 95. 1803.  
Achillea lanulosa Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 36. 1834. IDAHO: Idaho Co.: Kooskoosky (Clearwater) River, s.d., Lewis s.n. (holotype: PH).
Achillea millefolium subsp. occidentalis Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, subsp. occidentalis (de Candolle) Hylander, Uppsala Univ. Arsskr. 7: 314. 1945.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. occidentalis de Candolle 1838. 
Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. occidentalis de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 24. 1838. ILLINOIS: Without data, Rafinesque s.n. (holotype: G).
Achillea occidentalis Achillea occidentalis (de Candolle) Rafinesque ex Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 456. 1910.Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, var. occidentalis de Candolle 1838. 

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Blount, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun, Cherokee, Cleburne, Colbert, Conecuh, Crenshaw, DeKalb, Escambia, Jackson, Jefferson, Lauderdale, Lee, Limestone, Macon, Madison, Marshall, Mobile, Morgan, Pike, Randolph, Shelby, St. Clair, Talladega, Tuscaloosa, Winston

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AMAL, AUA, BRIT, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1875 - 1977

Barcode / Accession No.
County
Coll. Date
Collector &
Collection No.
Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used
Image
UWAL0046703 Autauga 02 May 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
692		 UWAL
Achillea borealis Bong.
TROY000046610 Autauga 02 May 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
692		 TROY
Achillea borealis Bong.
UWAL0044152 Baldwin 23 Apr 2001 Larsen, Harry S.
712		 UWAL
Achillea borealis Bong.
JSU102821 Blount 22 May 1973 Whetstone, R. David
1582		 JSU
Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
AUA000001134 Bullock 27 Apr 1991 DIAMOND, JR., ALVIN R.
7361		 AUA
ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM L.
AUA000001133 Bullock 1 May 1994 DIAMOND, JR., ALVIN R.
9123		 AUA
ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM L.
UNA00058980 Bullock 02 Jun 2002 Diamond, Alvin R.
13248		 UNA
Achillea millefolium L.
TROY000001350 Bullock 02 Jun 2002 Diamond, Alvin R.
13248		 TROY
Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
AMAL00002615 Bullock 02 Jun 2002 Diamond, Alvin R.
13248		 AMAL
Achillea millefolium L.
TROY000038129 Bullock 14 Apr 2012 Dykes, Bailee
619		 TROY
Achillea millefolium Linnaeus
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