Ilex verticillata

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:AQUIFOLIACEAE
Species:Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray
Common Name:Common Winterberry; Black Alder; Fever Bush
Habitat:Bogs, along streams, and low forests.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Shrub
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:ILVE
Plant Notes:Common Winterberry is a native deciduous shrub in the Holly family (Aquifoliaceae). It can be found throughout Alabama. Common Winterberry grows in bogs, along streams and creeks, in hardwood floodplains, and in seeps. It is a multi-stemmed shrub reaching heights of 15-20 feet. The stems are green or brown in color and glabrous or pubescent. The bark on the older stems and trunks is smooth and gray in color. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, obovate to elliptic in outline, with serrate margins. The leaves are glabrous or pubescent on the lower surface. The leaves turn black when touched by frost. Common Winterberry is dioecious, with separate plants producing either male or female flowers. The flowers are produced in cymes in the axils of the leaves in spring. The flowers are greenish-white in color and have 5 ciliate sepals and 5 petals. The fruit is a red drupe that remains on the shrub into the winter months. The fruit of Common Winterberry are consumed by a variety of birds. Common Winterberry is an attractive shrub, and is available from some nurseries. It prefers a moist to wet soil in full to partial sun. At least one male plant is needed for fruit formation.--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, FACW (NWI)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyAQUIFOLIACEAE - Holly family
Genus Ilex
Species Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray - Common Winterberry; Black Alder; Fever Bush

Citation

Citation Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray, Manual (ed. 2) 264. 1856.
Basionym: Prinos verticillatus L. 1753.
Type: USA: VIRGINIA: Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 452.1). Lectotypified by J.L. Reveal, in C.E. Jarvis et al., Regnum Veg. 127: 79. 1993.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Ilex bronxensis Ilex bronxensis Britton, Man. Fl. N. States 604. 1901.Prinos verticillatus Linnaeus, var. tenuifolia Torrey 1824. 
Ilex fastigiata Ilex fastigiata E. P. Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 426. 1912.MASSACHUSETTS: Nantucket Co.: Nantucket Island, near Long Pond, 10 Jul 1912, Bicknell 5632 (holotype: NY; isotype: NY). 
Ilex verticillata var. fastigiata Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray, var. fastigiata (E. P. Bicknell) Fernald, Rhodora 23: 274. 1922 ("1921").Ilex fastigiata E. P. Bicknell 1912. 
Ilex verticillata var. tenuifolia Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray, var. tenuifolia (Torrey) S. Watson, Bibl. Index N. Amer. Bot. 160. 1878.Prinos verticillatus Linnaeus, var. tenuifolius Torrey 1824. 
Ilex verticillata var. aurantiaca Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray, var. aurantiaca Moldenke, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 39. 1939. NEW JERSEY: Morris Co.: Newfoundland, 16 Oct 1938, Moldenke 10759 (holotype: NY).
Ilex verticillata var. cyclophylla Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray, var. cyclophylla B. L. Robinson, Rhodora 2: 105. 1900.  
Ilex verticillata subsp. tenuifolia Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray, subsp. tenuifolia (Torrey) E. Murray, Kalmia 13: 8. 1983.Prinos verticillatus Linnaeus, var. tenuifolius Torrey 1824. 
Ilex verticillata var. padifolia Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray, var. padifolia (Willdenow) Torrey & A. Gray ex S. Watson, Bibl. Index N. Amer. Bot. 160. 1878.Prinos padifolius Willdenow 1809. 
Prinos confertus Prinos confertus Moench, Methodus 481. 1794, nom. illegit.Prinos verticillatus Linnaeus 1753. 
Prinos gronovii Prinos gronovii Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 236. 1803, nom. illegit.Prinos verticillatus Linnaeus 1753. 
Prinos padifolius Prinos padifolius Willdenow, Enum. Pl. 394. 1809. PENNSYLVANIA
Prinos prunifolius Prinos prunifolius Desfontaines, Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 2. 272. 1815.  
Prinos verticillatus Prinos verticillatus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 330. 1753.  
Prinos verticillatus var. tenuifolius Prinos verticillatus Linnaeus, var. tenuifolius Torrey, Fl. N. Middle States 338. 1824.  
Prinos verticillatus var. dubius Prinos verticillatus Linnaeus, var. dubius de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 17. 1825.  

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Blount, Butler, Calhoun, Cherokee, Chilton, Clarke, Clay, Cleburne, Conecuh, Coosa, Cullman, DeKalb, Escambia, Etowah, Fayette, Franklin, Geneva, Greene, Hale, Houston, Jackson, Lamar, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Marion, Marshall, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Perry, Pike, Randolph, St. Clair, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Washington, Winston

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AMAL, AUA, BRIT, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, UNAF, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1881 - 1995

Barcode / Accession No.
County
Coll. Date
Collector &
Collection No.
Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used
Image
BRIT71109 Autauga 24 May 1975 Kral, Robert
55809		 BRIT
Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray
UWAL0010624 Autauga 21 Apr 2012 Keener, Brian R.
7133		 UWAL
Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray
TROY000039212 Autauga 01 Sep 2013 Diamond, Alvin R.
24497		 TROY
Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray
TROY000046501 Autauga 18 May 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
842		 TROY
Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray
TROY000048201 Autauga 07 Sep 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
1213		 TROY
Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray
UWAL0046649 Autauga 07 Sep 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
1161		 UWAL
Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray
TROY000045687 Autauga 07 Sep 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
1161		 TROY
Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray
UWAL0046288 Autauga 07 Sep 2017 Parker, Matthew R.
1213		 UWAL
Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray
UNA00009391 Baldwin _ Apr 1881 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray
UWAL0037998 Baldwin 23 May 1970 LeLong, Michel G.
5389		 UWAL
Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray
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