Macranthera flammea

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:OROBANCHACEAE
Species:Macranthera flammea (W. Bartram) Small
Common Name:Flame Flower; Hummingbird Flower
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Biennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:MAFL4
Plant Notes:Flame Flower is a native perennial or biennial herb in the Broomrape family (Orobanchaceae). It occurs in southwest Alabama. Flame Flower grows in bogs, along spring runs, around gum ponds, and along blackwater streams. It has a fibrous or tap root system. The stems are erect, branched, green or purple-red in color, and 4-angled, and pubescent with short hairs. Leaves are opposite, winged-petiolate or sessile (upper), lanceolate to ovate in outline, glabrous, with entire to pinnatifid margins. Flowers are produced in terminal racemes. Individual flowers are on up-curving pedicels. The calyx is 5-lobed, cup shaped or short tubular, pubescent, with lobes longer than the tube. The corolla is bright orange in color. The 5 petals form a tube with the lobes reflexed. It is glandular on the outside. The 4 stamens are long exserted on pubescent filaments. The fruit is a capsule. Flame Flower is a hemi-parasite on various species of hardwoods. It turns black upon drying. Flame Flower is listed as S2 species in Alabama (typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state) and globally as a G3 species (imperiled globally because of rarity or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors).—A. Diamond.
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, OBL (NWI), S2 (State Rank), G3 (Global Rank)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyOROBANCHACEAE - Broomrape family
Genus Macranthera
Species Macranthera flammea (W. Bartram) Small - Flame Flower; Hummingbird Flower

Citation

Citation Macranthera flammea (W. Bartram) Pennell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40(3): 124. 1913.
Basionym: Gerardia flammea W. Bartram 1791.
Type: ALABAMA

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Conradia fuschioides Conradia fuschioides Nuttall, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 88. 1834. Without data, Nuttall s.n. (holotype: PH).
Conradia lecontei Conradia lecontei (Torrey) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 459. 1891.Macranthera lecontei Torrey 1837. 
Dasistoma tubulosum Dasistoma tubulosum Bertoloni, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna 4: 75, pl. 4. 1853. ALABAMA: Without data, Gates s.n. (holotype: ?; isotypes: GH, NY, PH).
Flamaria coccinea Flamaria coccinea Rafinesque, New Fl. 2: 71. 1837 ("1836"), nom. illegit.Russelia flammea (W. Bartram) Rafinesque 1837; Gerardia flammea W. Bartram 1791. 
Gerardia flammea Gerardia flammea W. Bartram, Travels Carolina 412. 1791. ALABAMA
Macranthera fuschioides var. lecontei Macranthera fuschioides (Nuttall) Leconte ex Bentham, var. lecontei (Torrey) Chapman, Fl. South. U.S. 297. 1860.Macranthera lecontei Torrey 1837. 
Macranthera lecontei Macranthera lecontei Torrey, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 4: 80, pl. 4. 1837. GEORGIA: Liberty Co.: Altamaha, s.d., Leconte s.n. (holotype: NY).
Macranthera fuchsioides Macranthera fuschioides (Nuttall) Leconte ex Bentham, in Hooker, Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 174. 1836.Conradia fuschioides Nuttall 1834. 
Russelia flammea Russelia flammea (W. Bartram) Rafinesque, New Fl. 2: 71. 1837 ("1836").Gerardia flammea W. Bartram 1791. 
Tomilix bracteata Tomilix bracteata Rafinesque, New Fl. 2: 72. 1837 ("1836"), nom. illegit.Macranthera fuschioides (Nuttall) Leconte ex Bentham 1836; Conradia fuschioides Nuttall 1834. 
Toxopus calycinus Toxopus calycinus Rafinesque, New Fl. 2: 72. 1837 ("1836"), nom. illegit.Macranthera fuschioides (Nuttall) Leconte ex Bentham 1836; Conradia fuschioides Nuttall 1834. 
Toxopus gymnanthes Toxopus gymnanthes Rafinesque, New Fl. 2: 72. 1837 ("1836"), nom. illegit.Macranthera lecontei Torrey 1837. 

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Baldwin, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw, Escambia, Mobile, Monroe, Washington

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, NY, SAMF, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1892 - 1964

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
AUA_ACC_53148 Crenshaw 20 Aug 1989 Diamond, Alvin R.
6276		 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
AUA_ACC_37569 Escambia 6 Sep 1981 Henderson, T.
551		 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
UWAL0054253 Baldwin 11 Sep 2021 Todia, Gena
s.n		 UWAL
Marcranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
UWAL0017990 Covington 26 Sep 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
25572		 UWAL
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
AUA_ACC_43661 Conecuh 17 Aug 1985 Diamond, Alvin R.
1541		 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
TROY000032699 Escambia 10 Oct 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21634		 TROY
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
UWAL0002745 Escambia 10 Oct 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21634		 UWAL
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
AUA_ACC_18872 Baldwin 10 Sep 1970 Moore, Harold D.
1053		 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
JSU139690 Washington 13 Sep 1997 Whetstone, R. David
18735		 JSU
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
TROY000049377 Escambia 18 Aug 2019 Diamond, Alvin R.
29046		 TROY
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
AUA_ACC_62680 Escambia 1999 Searcy, Darryl
 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
UWAL0034611 Conecuh 18 Sep 1993 Kral, Robert
83317		 UWAL
Macranthera flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
UWAL0054254 Baldwin 11 Sep 2021 Todia, Gena
s.n		 UWAL
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
NY00057711 04 Jan 1905 Dr. Hezekiah Gates
 NY
Dasistoma tubulosum Bertol.
UNA00027565 Mobile 12 Sep 1892 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Macranthera flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
AUA_ACC_59896 Escambia 14 Sep 1995 Sorrie, Bruce A.
8614		 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
AUA_ACC_43980 Escambia 6 Sep 1986 Diamond, Alvin R.
2875		 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
UNA00027566 Mobile _ _ 1879 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Macranthera flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
AUA_ACC_40467 Washington 3 Sep 1970 Kral, Robert
41062		 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
JSU139691 Washington 03 Sep 1970 Kral, Robert
41062		 JSU
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
SAMF0006063 Covington 26 Sep 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
25572		 SAMF
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
AUA_ACC_18889 Washington 9 Sep 1970 Moore, Harold D.
1005		 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
AUA_ACC_35161 Covington 31 Aug 1979 Coggins, W.A.
S.N.		 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
UWAL0043365 Baldwin 10 Aug 2006 Larsen, Harry S.
1535		 UWAL
Macranthera flammea (W. Bartram) Pennell
TROY000009086 Conecuh 21 Aug 1981 Kral, Robert
67829		 TROY
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
AUA_ACC_20675 Escambia 26 Aug 1969 Moore, Harold D.
621-69		 AUA
Macranthera Flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
USAM000014494 Mobile 03 Sep 1972 LeLong, Michel G.
6800.2		 USAM
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
UWAL0031809 Conecuh 18 Sep 1993 Kral, Robert
83371		 UWAL
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
TROY000009085 Baldwin 20 Aug 1981 Kral, Robert
67854		 TROY
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
USAM000014495 Mobile 03 Sep 1966 LeLong, Michel G.
4041		 USAM
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
TROY000040251 Monroe 19 Sep 2012 Keener, Brian R.
7554		 TROY
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
UWAL0011964 Monroe 19 Sep 2012 Keener, Brian R.
7554		 UWAL
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
TROY000041840 Covington 26 Sep 2014 Diamond, Alvin R.
25572		 TROY
Macranthera flammea (Bartram) Pennell
ALNHS00004312 Baldwin 09 Sep 2016 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#2505		 ALNHS
Macranthera flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
UNA00042158 Baldwin 26 Sep 1964 McDaniel, Sidney
5314		 UNA
Macranthera flammea (Bartr.) Pennell
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