Sideroxylon lycioides

Family:SAPOTACEAE
Species:Sideroxylon lycioides L.
Common Name:Buckthorn Bully; Buckthorn Bumelia
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Tree
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:SILY
Plant Notes:Buckthorn Bully is a native deciduous shrub or small tree in the Sapodilla family (Sapotaceae). It is native to the southeastern and central United States from Texas to Illinois and Delaware southwards. In Alabama it is found throughout the state, often in areas with calcareous soils. It occurs along streams, along fence lines, around the edges of pastures and glades, and on floodplains. Buckthorn Bully is a small tree or large shrub up to 30 feet in height. Young twigs are green in color, glabrous, and sometimes armed with short stout spines at the nodes. The bark is gray to reddish brown and scaly on older stems and the trunk. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, elliptic to ovate or oblanceolate in outline, with entire margins. The leaves are glabrous or glabrate on the surface with prominent venation and the midrib is pubescent with white hairs. The leaves are deciduous and turn pale yellow before falling. Flowers are produced in hemispherical clusters of 7-40 individual flowers in the leaf-axils. Individual flowers are inconspicuous with 5 white to yellowish or greenish petals and 5 stamens. The fruit is a black, leathery berry. It contains 1-2 brownish seed. The fruit are consumed by birds and small mammals. Buckthorn Bully is sometimes cultivated. It prefers a sunny location and grows well in heavy clay soils.—A. Diamond.
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, FACW (NWI)
References:**

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilySAPOTACEAE - Sapodilla family
Genus Sideroxylon
Species Sideroxylon lycioides L. - Buckthorn Bully; Buckthorn Bumelia

Citation

Citation Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. (ed. 2) 1: 279. 1762.
Basionym:
Type: Without data (lectotype: LINN 261.6). Lectotypified by J.L. Reveal & C.E. Jarvis, Taxon 58: 981. 2009.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Bumelia cassinifolia Bumelia cassinifolia Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 442. 1900. LOUISIANA: Landry Par.: Opelousas, Aug 1883, Letterman s.n. (holotype: NY).
Bumelia lucida Bumelia lucida Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 443. 1900, non (Solander ex Lamarck) Roemer & Schultes 1819. LOUISIANA: West Feliciana Par.: Without locality, 1838, Carpenter 19 (lectotype: NY). Lectotypified by R.B. Clark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 173. 1942.
Bumelia lycioides var. ellipsoidalis Bumelia lycioides (Linnaeus) Persoon, var. ellipsoidalis R. B. Clark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 172. 1942. TENNESSEE: Davidson Co.: Nashville, Jul-Sep 1879, Gattinger s.n. (holotype: MO).
Bumelia lycioides Bumelia lycioides (Linnaeus) Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 237. 1805.Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus 1762; Sideroxylon spinosum Duhamel du Monceau 1755, non Linnaeus 1753. 
Bumelia lycioides var. virginiana Bumelia lycioides (Linnaeus) Persoon, var. ellipsoidalis R. B. Clark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 172. 1942. TENNESSEE: Davidson Co.: Nashville, Jul-Sep 1879, Gattinger s.n. (holotype: MO).
Bumelia smallii Bumelia smallii R. B. Clark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 172. 1942.Bumelia lucida Small 1900, non (Solander ex Lamarck) Roemer & Schultes 1819. 
Decateles latifolia Decateles latifolia Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 36. 1838, nom. illegit.Sideroxylon decandrum Linnaeus 1767.  
Decateles lycioides Decateles lycioides (Linnaeus) Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 36. 1838.Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus 1762; Sideroxylon spinosum Duhamel du Monceau 1755, non Linnaeus 1753. 
Lyciodes spinosum Lyciodes spinosum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 406. 1891.Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus 1762; Sideroxylon spinosum Duhamel du Monceau 1755, non Linnaeus 1753. 
Robertia decandra Robertia decandra (Linnaeus) Scopoli, Intr. Hist. Nat. 154. 1777.Sideroxylon decandrum Linnaeus 1767. 
Sideroxylon decandrum Sideroxylon decandrum Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 48. 1767. Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 261.9). Lectotypified by Reveal & C. E. Jarvis, Taxon 58: 981. 2009.
Sideroxylon laeve Sideroxylon laeve Walter, Fl. Carol. 100. 1788. SOUTH CAROLINA
Sideroxylon spinosum Sideroxylon spinosum Duhamel du Monceau, Traite Arbr. Arbust. 2: 260, t. 68. 1755, non Linnaeus 1753.  

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Blount, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun, Cherokee, Cleburne, Colbert, Coosa, Crenshaw, Dallas, DeKalb, Escambia, Etowah, Franklin, Greene, Hale, Houston, Jackson, Jefferson, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Limestone, Lowndes, Madison, Marengo, Marshall, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Perry, Pike, Russell, St. Clair, Sumter, Talladega, Tuscaloosa, Wilcox, Winston

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1880 - 2019

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.
Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used
Image
USAM000014220 Baldwin 08 May 1970 Wofford, B. Eugene
10475
USAM
Bumelia lycioides (Linnaeus) Persoon
JSU133165 Calhoun 11 Jul 1969 Edwards, D.A.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0057301 Sumter 29 Sep 1999 Davis, Malcolm L.
1475
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
UWAL0002071 Butler 14 May 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21315
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133265 Morgan 15 Sep 1996 Spaulding, Daniel D.
9145
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UNA00014000 Tuscaloosa 20 Jun 1955 Patton, E.G.
s.n.
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133251 Jackson 24 Oct 1992 Ballard, J. Mark
776
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_40639 Calhoun 8 Nov 1984 Whetstone, R.David
14740
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
UNA00050157 Houston 22 Jun 1984 Whetstone, R.D.
14241
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
UWAL0034155 DeKalb 06 May 2015 Spaulding, Daniel D.
14251
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
UNA00014102 Pike _ Jun 1880 Mohr, Charles
s.n.
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
AUA000039423 Montgomery 24 Apr 1984 Mckenzie, Don
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
JSU133177 Cleburne 10 Nov 1968 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133244 Etowah 28 Jun 1969 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000034116 Lowndes 20 May 2010 Keener, Brian R.
6007
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UNA00014101 Pike 04 Jul 1880 Mohr, Charles
s.n.
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
UWAL0031603 Lawrence 12 Jul 2013 England, J. Kevin
4387
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133257 Limestone 26 May 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17788
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
SAMF0003936 Lowndes 20 May 2010 Keener, Brian R.
6007
SAMF
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0011719 Perry 18 Jun 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6509
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133250 Jackson 22 May 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17657
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133259 Madison 17 Aug 1975 Whetstone, R. David
6620
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000050976 Lawrence 12 Jul 2013 England, J. Kevin
4387
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0031621 Lawrence 02 Aug 2012 England, J. Kevin
3866.2
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000044037 Lawrence 07 Oct 2007 England, J. Kevin
562
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_19085 Butler 20 Aug 1970 Moore, Harold D.
778
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
JSU133249 Jackson 4 May 1994 Spaulding, Daniel D.
6095
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133254 Lauderdale 4 May 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17483
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133252 Jefferson 23 May 1985 Barber, J. Patrick
1566
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133246 Etowah 27 Jun 1969 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000040776 Dallas 18 Jun 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6531
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0044965 Barbour 21 Sep 2018 Horne, Howard E.
4638
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000008888 Escambia 08 Jul 2002 Searcy, Darryl
s.n.
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA000040250 Colbert 22 Aug 2013 Barger, T. Wayne
FH58
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
JSU133256 Lawrence 25 May 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17729
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000008887 Bullock 28 Aug 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
15701
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0004025 Sumter 18 Oct 2006 Keener, Brian R.
3226
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133160 Bibb 22 Jul 1982 Whetstone, R. David
11540
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133169 Calhoun 27 May 1986 Lawler, Carol L.
609
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000008890 Monroe 13 Sep 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
18090
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0004022 Crenshaw 27 Jul 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
19632
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133167 Calhoun 8 Nov 1984 Whetstone, R. David
14740
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133260 Marshall 29 Apr 1993 Spaulding, Daniel D.
3512
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000008889 Monroe 20 Sep 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
18260
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133266 Talladega 29 Sep 1983 Whetstone, R. David
13772
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000023671 Crenshaw 27 Jul 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
19632
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0019385 Lawrence 07 Oct 2007 England, J. Kevin
562
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133172 Calhoun 11 Jul 1969 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UNA00014103 Greene 22 Jul 1967 Thomas, Joab L.
T1125
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
AUA_ACC_34151 Bibb 24 Aug 1977 Sessler, Ann H.
1851
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
UWAL0004023 Morgan 15 Jun 2003 Keener, Brian R.
2593
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133161 Bibb 25 Sep 1982 Whetstone, R. David
12536
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0002951 Lowndes 20 May 2010 Keener, Brian R.
6007
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133247 Houston 22 Jun 1984 Whetstone, R. David
14241
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133159 Bibb 7 Jun 1996 MacDonald, John R.
9527
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000037201 Marengo 11 Jul 2012 England, J. Kevin
3633
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0002997 Lowndes 12 Jul 2009 Keener, Brian R.
5522
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133168 Calhoun 8 Nov 1984 Whetstone, R. David
14740
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_13836 Lowndes 6 Jul 1967 Atkins, W.B.
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
JSU133261 Marshall 3 Apr 1992 Spaulding, Daniel D.
1284
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133166 Calhoun 31 May 1982 Whetstone, R. David
11250
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000023574 Marshall 11 Jun 1993 Whetstone, R. David
2556
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0043663 Baldwin 27 May 2004 Larsen, Harry S.
1362
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133241 Etowah 12 Sep 1972 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000036181 Bullock 07 Jun 2012 Dykes, Bailee
856
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0004024 Sumter 17 Jul 1984 Fields, Frank
s.n.
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
TROY000023571 Franklin 27 Jul 1981 Kral, Robert
67580
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000023573 Winston 21 May 1996 Bryson, Charles T.
15257
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_65368 Bullock 28 Aug 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
15710
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
JSU133176 Cleburne 17 Apr 1967 Reynolds, Jane
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000032610 Butler 14 May 2010 Diamond, Alvin R.
21315
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0005403 Montgomery 14 May 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
22107
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133163 Bibb 20 May 1981 Whetstone, R. David
10736
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
ALNHS00002306 Colbert 22 Aug 2013 Barger, T. Wayne
FH-58
ALNHS
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133174 Cherokee 16 Apr 1968 Knapp, Buddy
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0043662 Baldwin 06 Jul 2002 Carter, K.
1001
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
ALNHS00000603 Barbour 05 May 2011 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#296
ALNHS
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU140229 Dallas 15 Apr 2010 Barger, T. Wayne
OC-82
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UNA00014045 Marengo 18 Jun 1969 Thomas, Joab L.
2248
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
UWAL0011176 Marengo 11 Jul 2012 England, J. Kevin
3633
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133178 Cleburne 10 Nov 1968 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133170 Calhoun 1 Oct 1982 Whetstone, R. David
12661
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_58814 Escambia 10 May 1999 Searcy, Darryl
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
UNA00013997 Franklin 08 Jun 1892 Mohr, Charles
s.n.
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
AUA000042499 Colbert 19 Nov 2013 Barger, T. Wayne
FH227
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
JSU133242 Etowah 5 May 1967 Sanford, N.C.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000032871 Montgomery 14 May 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
22107
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0012335 Dallas 18 Jun 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6516
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133262 Marshall 20 Sep 1986 Whetstone, R. David
15738
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
ALNHS00004041 Limestone 22 Jun 2015 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#1785
ALNHS
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
AUA000043397 Morgan 15 Oct 1934 Capesius, Andrew
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
JSU133255 Lawrence 7 Aug 1996 Whetstone, R. David
18327
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0038109 Coosa 17 Sep 2017 Spaulding, Daniel D.
15017
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
TROY000028062 Butler 20 May 2009 Diamond, Alvin R.
20736
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133173 Cherokee 19 Apr 2000 Spaulding, Daniel D.
10735
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UWAL0056327 Bibb 28 Jun 2019 Keener, Brian R.
11401
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
UWAL0011588 Bullock 07 Jun 2012 Dykes, Bailee
856
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133171 Calhoun 11 Jul 1969 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133263 Monroe 12 Sep 1997 Whetstone, R. David
18521
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_33240 Bibb 2 Sep 1976 Sessler, Ann H.
513
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
ALNHS00000536 Dallas 15 Apr 2010 Barger, T. Wayne
OC-82
ALNHS
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
UWAL0032215 St. Clair 28 Sep 2008 Keener, Brian R.
4916
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133179 Colbert 26 May 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17951
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_50586 Barbour 30 Nov 1992 Diamond, Alvin R.
8505
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
UWAL0012079 Dallas 18 Jun 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6531
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UNA00013998 Bibb 16 Sep 1985 Horn, Charles N.
943
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133162 Bibb 18 May 1984 Whetstone, R. David
13959
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000050244 Autauga 04 Nov 2020 Parker, Matthew R.
1902
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133164 Blount 17 Aug 1997 Ballard, J. Mark
7362
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000034193 Lowndes 12 Jul 2009 Keener, Brian R.
5522
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_11570 Lowndes 6 Jul 1967 Teem, David H.
64
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
JSU133258 Madison 22 Sep 1995 Threlkeld, Steven J.
104
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA000039426 Montgomery 17 Oct 1981 Walker, Will
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
UNA00064953 Morgan 15 Jun 2003 Keener, Brian R.
2593
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133253 Jefferson 23 May 1985 Barber, J. Patrick
1580
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133243 Etowah 27 Jun 1969 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000040793 Perry 18 Jun 2011 Keener, Brian R.
6509
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133248 Jackson 27 Jun 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
871
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133175 Cherokee 15 Apr 1967 Collier, Gary
4
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133264 Morgan 27 Jun 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17878
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA000040015 Lawrence 5 Oct 1940 Morgan, M.
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
UWAL0035148 Blount 24 Aug 2015 Anderson, Kelly
907
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
UNA00013995 Madison 10 Jul 1980 Meigs, Russell A.
1000
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
UNA00013999 Wilcox s.d. Buckley, S.B.
s.n.
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
JSU133267 Talladega 22 Apr 1995 Ballard, J. Mark
5469
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
AUA_ACC_47325 Russell 8 Jul 1981 Warlick, Chuck
35
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
UWAL0052831 Bibb 24 Jul 2019 Keener, Brian R.
11487
UWAL
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
UWAL0017883 Tuscaloosa 20 Jun 1955 Patton, E.G.
s.n.
UWAL
Bumelia lycioides (L.) Pers.
UNA00058156 Blount 16 May 1998 Keener, Brian R.
800
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
AUA_ACC_42218 Hale 2 Sep 1986 Clary, James
AUA
Sideroxylon Lycioides L.
JSU133180 Etowah 27 Jun 1969 Landers, K.T.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
JSU133245 Etowah 27 Jun 1969 Landers, Kenneth E.
s.n.
JSU
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
TROY000023572 Sumter 18 Oct 2006 Keener, Brian R.
3226
TROY
Sideroxylon lycioides Linnaeus
UNA00065006 Bullock 28 Aug 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
157010
UNA
Sideroxylon lycioides L.
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