Xanthium strumarium

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:ASTERACEAE
Species:Xanthium strumarium L.
Common Name:Common Cocklebur; Rough Cocklebur
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Annual
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:XAST
Plant Notes:Common Cocklebur is a native herbaceous annual in the Sunflower family (Asteraceae). It can be found throughout Alabama. Common Cocklebur occurs along rivers and ponds, in roadside ditches, and as a weed in agricultural fields. It is an annual with a tap root. Stems are erect, 1-4 feet in height, sometimes branched, green or reddish in color, and pubescent. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, suborbicular to deltate in outline, 3-5 lobed, with toothed margins. The leaf surface is pubescent and often gland dotted. Flowers are produced in heads. The heads are in racemes or spikes in the axils of the leaves. The heads produce only disc flowers, with the lower heads pistillate and the upper staminate. The pistillate heads produce 2 flowers lacking corollas. The inner phyllaries of the pistillate heads have distinctly hooked tips and form a hard prickly “bur” when in fruit. The staminate heads are saucer shaped with 20-50 whitish disc flowers. The fruit is a black achene enclosed within the 2 chambered “bur”. The hooks of the bur attach to the fur of animals and human clothing, allowing for long distance dispersal. Common Cocklebur has been used in traditional medicine, but contains several toxic compounds that has been responsible for the deaths of people and livestock that consumed it. Common Cocklebur is also allelopathic—releasing chemicals into the soil that inhibit or kill other plants.—A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Not Native, FAC (NWI)
References:**
Specimen: View specimen details in the Alabama Herbarium Consortium Specimen Database

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyASTERACEAE - Aster family
Genus Xanthium
Species Xanthium strumarium L. - Common Cocklebur; Rough Cocklebur

Citation

Citation Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753.
Basionym: **
Type: Without data (lectotype: LINN 1113.1). Lectotypified by M. L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 188. 1929.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Xanthium californicum Greene, Pittonia 4: 62. 1899. CALIFORNIA
Xanthium acerosum Xanthium acerosum Greene, Pittonia 4: 63. 1899. NORTH DAKOTA: Cass Co.: Near Fargo, 4 Sep 1893, Greene s.n. (holotype: ?).
Xanthium acutilobum Xanthium acutilobum Millspaugh & Sherff, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 6. 1918. TEXAS: Dallas Co.: Oak Cliff, 2 Sep, Reverchon s.n. (holotype: MO).
Xanthium acutum Xanthium acutum Greene, Pittoniia 4: 62. 1899. CALIFORNIA: San Joaquin Co.: Near Stockton, 1888, Sanford s.n. (holotype: ?).
Xanthium affine Xanthium affine Greene, Pittonia 4: 60. 1899. WASHINGTON: Klickitat Co.: Columbia River, s.d., Suksdorf 1584 (holotype: ?).
Xanthium albinum Xanthium albinum (Widder) H. Scholz & Sukopp, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 98(c): 47. 1960.Xanthium riparium Itzingsohn & Hertsch, var. albinum Widder 
Xanthium albinum subsp. riparium Xanthium albinum (Widder) H. Scholz & Sukopp, subsp. riparium (Celakowsky) Widder & Wagenitz, in Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2. 6(3): 275. 1968.Xanthium italicum Moretti, subsp. riparium Celakovsky 1871; Xanthium riparium Lasch 1856, non Itzingsohn & Hertsch 1854. 
Xanthium albinum subsp. ripicola Xanthium albinum (Widder) H. Scholz & Sukopp, subsp. ripicola (Holub) Dostál, Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid. Bot. 21: 12. 1984, nom. illegit.Xanthium ripicola Holub 1976; Xanthium italicum Moretti, subsp. riparium Celakovsky 1871; Xanthium riparium Lasch 1856, non Itzingsohn & Hertsch 1854. 
Xanthium arcuatum Xanthium arcuatum Millspaugh & Sherff, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 4, pl. 2, 5. 1918.NEW YORK: Chemung Co.: River shores and low places, 11 Oct 1896, Lucy s.n. (holotype: F). 
Xanthium brasilicum Xanthium brasilicum Vellozo, Fl. Flumin., Icon. 10: t. 23. 1831 ("1827"). BRAZIL
Xanthium bubalocarpon Xanthium bubalocarpon Bush, Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: 123. 1906.TEXAS: Dallas Co.: Without locality, 29 Sep 1900, Bush 1185 (holotype: MO). 
Xanthium californicum var. oligacanthum Xanthium californicum Greene, var. oligacanthum (Piper) Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 113. 1923.Xanthium oligacanthum Piper 1906. 
Xanthium calvum Xanthium calvum Millspaugh & Sherff, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 35, pl. 12. 1919. CALIFORNIA: Santa Clara Co.: Vicinity of Palo Alto, s.d., Baker 1760 (holotype: UC).
Xanthium campestre Xanthium campestre Greene, Pittonia 4: 61. 1899. CALIFORNIA: Butte Co.: Chico,
Xanthium canadense var. echinatum Xanthium canadense Miller, var. echinatum (Murray) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 252. 1884.Xanthium echinatum Murray 1784.  
Xanthium cavanillesii Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3. 12: 357. 1849.ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires, s.d., Didrichsen s.n. (holotype: C?). 
Xanthium cenchroides Xanthium cenchroides Millspaugh & Sherff, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 30. 1919. TEXAS: Ellis Co.: Near Ferris, s.d., Reverchon 2332 (holotype: MO).
Xanthium chasei Xanthium chasei Fernald, Rhodora 48: 66, t. 1013(1)-1014. 1946. ILLINOIS: Peoria Co.: Illinois River near Peoria, 15 Sep 1945, Chase 8205 (holotype: GH).
Xanthium commune Xanthium commune Britton, Man. Fl. N. States 912. 1901. NEW YORK: Essex Co.: Westport, shore of Lake Champlain, 15 Sep 1900, Britton & Britton s.n. (holotype: NY).
Xanthium commune var. wootonii Xanthium commune Britton, var. wootonii Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 9. 1903. NEW MEXICO: San Miguel Co.: Las Vegas, 4 Oct 1901, Cockerell s.n. (holotype: ?; isotype: NY).
Xanthium crassifoilum Xanthium crassifoilum Millspaugh & Sherff, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 4, pl. 4-5. 1918. TEXAS: Bexar Co.: San Antonio, 15 Nov 1911, Mackenson 123 (holotype: F).
Xanthium cuneatum Xanthium cuneatum Moench, Suppl. Meth. 300. 1802, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Xanthium orientale Linnaeus 1763. 
Xanthium curvescens Xanthium curvescens Millspaugh & Sherff, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 25, pl. 11. 1919. VERMONT: Addison Co.: Orwell, s.d., Eggleston 1420 (holotype: GH).
Xanthium discolor Xanthium discolor Wallroth, Beitr. Bot. 228, 232. 1844, nom. illegit. Xanthium orientale Linnaeus 1763.  
Xanthium echinatum subsp. italicum Xanthium echinatum Murray, subsp. italicum (Moretti) Bolos & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 90. 1988.Xanthium italicum Moretti 1822. 
Xanthium echinatum var. cavanillesii Xanthium echinatum Murray, var. cavanillesii (Schouw) Bolos & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 90. 1988.Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw 1849. 
Xanthium echinatum var. italicum Xanthium echinatum Murray, var. italicum (Moretti) Bolos & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 90. 1988.Xanthium italicum Moretti 1822. 
Xanthium glabratum Xanthium glabratum (de Candolle) Britton, Man. Fl. N. States 912. 1901, nom. illegit.Xanthium macrocarpum de Candolle, var. glabratum de Candolle 1836; Xanthium americanum Walter 1788. 
Xanthium glanduliferum Xanthium glanduliferum Greene, Pittonia 4: 61. 1899. CANADA: British Columbia:
Xanthium globosum Xanthium globosum Shull, Bot. Gaz. 59: 482, f. 1, 4-7. 1915.KANSAS: Douglas Co.: Lawrence, 
Xanthium inflexum Xanthium inflexum Mackenzie & Bush, Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 106. 1905. MISSOURI: Jackson Co.: Courtney, 5 Oct 1903, Bush 1916 (holotype: MO?; isotype: NY).
Xanthium italicum subsp. riparium Xanthium italicum Moretti, subsp. riparium Celakovsky, Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 186. 1871.Xanthium riparium Lasch 1856, non Itzingsohn & Hertsch 1854. 
Xanthium japonicum Xanthium japonicum Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 31, pl. 1(5). 1923. JAPAN
Xanthium leptocarpum Xanthium leptocarpum Millspaugh & Sherff, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 3, pl. 1, 5. 1918. VERMONT: Chittenden Co.: Burlington, 12 Sep 1896, Jones s.n. (holotype: F).
Xanthium longirostre Xanthium longirostre Wallroth, Beitr. Bot. 228, 237. 1844.  
Xanthium macounii Xanthium macounii Britton, Man. Fl. N. States 913. 1901. CANADA: Manitoba: Goose Island, Lake Winnipeg, 16 Aug 1884, Macoun s.n. (holotype: DAO).
Xanthium macrocarpum Xanthium macrocarpum de Candolle, in de Candolle & Lamarck, Fl. Franc. 6: 356. 1815, nom. illegit.Xanthium orientale Linnaeus 1763. 
Xanthium macrocarpum subsp. italicum Xanthium macrocarpum de Candolle, subsp. italicum (Moretti) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur. 475. 1879.Xanthium italicum Moretti 1822.  
Xanthium macrocarpum var. glabratum Xanthium macrocarpum de Candolle, var. glabratum de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 523. 1836.Xanthium americanum Walter 1788. 
Xanthium maculatum Xanthium maculatum Rafinesque, Amer. J. Sci. Arts 1: 152. 1818. NEW YORK
Xanthium natalense Xanthium natalense Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 274. 1937. SOUTH AFRICA
Xanthium occidentale Xanthium occidentale Bertoloni, Lucubr. Re Herb. 38. 1822. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Xanthium oligacanthum Xanthium oligacanthum Piper, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 551. 1906. WASHINGTON: Walla Walla Co.: Boller, 18 Sep 1893, Piper s.n. (holotype: US; isotype: NY).
Xanthium orientale Xanthium orientale Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1400. 1763. Without data (lectotype: LINN 1113.2). Lectotypified by Jeanmonod, in Gamisans & Jeanmonod, Compl. Prodr. Fl. Corse, Asteraceae 1: 190. 1998. EPITYPE: FRANCE: Perigord: Right bank of the Dordogne near Bezenac, 14 Sep 1997, Wisskirchen 230 (epitype: BM). Epitypified by Wisskirchen, in C. E. Jarvis & Turland, Taxon 47: 369. 1998.
Xanthium orientale subsp. californicum Xanthium orientale Linnaeus, subsp. californicum (Greene) Greuter, Willdenowia 33: 249. 2003.Xanthium californicum Greene 1899. 
Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum Xanthium orientale Linnaeus, subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter, Willdenowia 33: 249. 2003.Xanthium italicum Moretti 1822. 
Xanthium orientale subsp. riparium Xanthium orientale Linnaeus, subsp. riparium (Celakovsky) Greuter, Willdenowia 33: 249. 2003.Xanthium italicum Moretti, subsp. riparium Celakovsky 1871; Xanthium riparium Lasch 1856, non Itzingsohn & Hertsch 1854. 
Xanthium orientale var. macrocarpum Xanthium orientale Linnaeus, var. macrocarpum Reiche, Anales Univ. Chile 112: 132. 1903, nom. inadmiss.Xanthium macrocarpum de Candolle 1815, nom. illegit.; Xanthium orientale Linnaeus 1763. 
Xanthium palustre Xanthium palustre Greene, Pittonia 4: 63. 1899. CALIFORNIA: Solano Co.: Suisun Marshes,
Xanthium pensylvanicum var. eglandulosum Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallroth, var. eglandulosum Wallroth, Beitr. Bot. 236. 1844. PENNSYLVANIA
Xanthium pensylvanicum var. glandulosum Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallroth, var. glandulosum Wallroth, Beitr. Bot. 236. 1844, nom. inadmiss.Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallroth 1844. 
Xanthium pungens Xanthium pungens Wallroth, Beitr. Bot. 227, 231. 1844, nom. illegit.Xanthium americanum Walter 1788. 
Xanthium riparium Xanthium riparium Itzingsohn & Hertsch, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 12: 34. 1854.  
Xanthium riparium Xanthium riparium Lasch, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 412. 1856, non Itzingsohn & Hertsch 1854.  
Xanthium riparium var. albinum    
Xanthium ripicola Xanthium ripicola Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 83. 1976.Xanthium riparium Lasch 1854, non Itzingsohn & Hertsch 1854. 
Xanthium saccharatum Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth, Beitr. Bot. 228, 238. 1844, nom. illegit.Xanthium maculatum Rafinesque 1818. 
Xanthium saccharatum subsp. commune Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth, subsp. commune (Britton) Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 286. 1925.Xanthium commune Britton 1901. 
Xanthium saccharatum subsp. eusaccharatum Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth, subsp. eusaccharatum Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 285. 1925, nom. inadmiss.Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth 1844, nom. illegit.; Xanthium maculatum Rafinesque 1818. 
Xanthium saccharatum subsp. italicum Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth, subsp. italicum (Moretti) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2): 613. 1931.Xanthium italicum Moretti 1822. 
Xanthium saccharatum var. silphiifolium Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth, var. silphiifolium (Greene) Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 93. 1923.Xanthium silphiifolium Greene 1899. 
Xanthium saccharatum var. speciosum Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth, var. speciosum (Kearney) Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 93. 1923.Xanthium speciosum Kearney 1897. 
Xanthium saccharatum var. wootonii Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth, var. wootonii (Cockerell) Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 93. 1923.Xanthium commune Britton, var. wootonii Cockerell 1903. 
Xanthium sibiricum Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 32, pl. 1(6-8). 1923. RUSSIA
Xanthium silphiifolium Xanthium silphiifolium Greene, Pittonia 4: 60. 1899. WASHINGTON: Klickitat Co.: Columbia River, Sep 1883, Suksdorf s.n. (holotype: US).
Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, subsp. brasilicum (Vellozo) Bolos & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 90. 1988.Xanthium brasilicum Vellozo 1831.  
Xanthium strumarium subsp. cavanillesii Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, subsp. cavanillesii (Schouw) D. Löve & Dansereau, Canad. J. Bot. 37: 205. 1959.Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw 1849. 
Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, subsp. italicum (Moretti) D. Löve, in Heywood, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 271. 1976.Xanthium italicum Moretti 1822. 
Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter, Willdenowia 33: 249. 2003.Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder 1923. 
Xanthium strumarium var. brasilicum Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, var. brasilicum (Vellozo) Baker, in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(3): 147. 1884.Xanthium brasilicum Vellozo 1831. 
Xanthium strumarium var. echinatum Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, var. echinatum (Murray) A. Gray, Manual, ed. 2. 213. 1856.Xanthium echinatum Murray 1784. 
Xanthium strumarium var. japonicum Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, var. japonicum (Widder) H. Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 2: 279. 1952. Xanthium japonicum Widder 1923.  
Xanthium varians Xanthium varians Greene, Pittonia 4: 59. 1899. WASHINGTON: Klickitat Co.: Columbia River, Oct 1893, Suksdorf 1583 (holotype: ?).
Xanthium vulgare Xanthium vulgare Lamarck, Fl. Franc. 2: 56. 1779, nom. illegit.Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus 1753. 
Xanthium wootonii Xanthium wootonii (Cockerell) Cockerell, in de Vries, Species and Varieties 140. 1905; Science, ser. 2. 42: 870. 1915.Xanthium commune Britton, var. wootonii Cockerell 1903. 
Xanthium americanum Xanthium americanum Walter, Fl. Carol. 231. 1788. SOUTH CAROLINA:
Xanthium canadense Xanthium canadense Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. CANADA: Without data, Herb. Sloane 228(54): 1 (lectotype: BM). Lectotypified by Cronquist, in Cronquist et al., Intermountain Fl. 5: 65. 1994.
Xanthium chinense Xanthium chinense Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. CHINA
Xanthium cylindricum Xanthium cylindricum Millspaugh & Sherff, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 4, pl. 3, 5. 1918. NORTH CAROLINA: Henderson/Rutherford Cos.: Chimney Rock to Hendersonville, s.d., Small & Huger s.n. (holotype: F).
Xanthium echinatum Xanthium echinatum Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 6: 32. 1784. NEW YORK: Without data, Wangenheim s.n. (holotype: ?).
Xanthium echinellum    
Xanthium italicum Xanthium italicum Moretti, Giorn. Fis., ser. 2. 5: 326. 1822. ITALY
Xanthium oviforme Xanthium oviforme Wallroth, Beitr. Bot. 228, 240. 1844.  
Xanthium pensylvanicum Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallroth, Beitr. Bot. 228, 236. 1844. NORTH CAROLINA: Buncombe Co.: Asheville, s.d., Beyrich s.n. (holotype: HAL?).
Xanthium speciosum Xanthium speciosum Kearney, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 574. 1897. TENNESSEE: Cocke Co.: Along the French Broad River between Paint Rock and Del Rio, 16 Sep 1897, Kearney 785 (holotype: NY).
Xanthium strumarium var. canadense Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, var. canadense (Miller) Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 294. 1842.Xanthium canadense Miller 1768.  
Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, var. glabratum (de Candolle) Cronquist, Rhodora 47: 403. 1945.Xanthium macrocarpum de Candolle, var. glabratum de Candolle 1836; Xanthium americanum Walter 1788. 

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Blount, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun, Cherokee, Choctaw, Clarke, Clay, Coffee, Colbert, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw, Cullman, Dallas, DeKalb, Elmore, Escambia, Etowah, Geneva, Greene, Hale, Houston, Jackson, Jefferson, Lawrence, Lee, Lowndes, Madison, Marengo, Marshall, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Perry, Pike, Randolph, Shelby, St. Clair, Tallapoosa, Tuscaloosa, Washington, Wilcox

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: AMAL, AUA, JSU, SAMF, TROY, UNA, USAM, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1952 - 1985

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
TROY000015815 Lowndes 19 Oct 2008 Diamond, Alvin R.
20342		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124921 Jackson 21 Sep 1997 Spaulding, Daniel D.
10005		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
UWAL0035943 Blount 28 Aug 2014 Anderson, Kelly
658		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium L.
AMAL00013952 Cherokee 14 Oct 2006 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12532		 AMAL
Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray
JSU124904 Monroe 14 Oct 1982 Whetstone, R. David
12805		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
SAMF0005737 Lawrence 16 Aug 2005 England, J. Kevin
553		 SAMF
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
UWAL0010112 Bullock 23 Oct 2011 Dykes, Bailee
256		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium L.
JSU124905 Morgan 15 Sep 1996 Spaulding, Daniel D.
9112		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
UWAL0051866 Madison 04 Oct 2020 England, J. Kevin
11306		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium L.
TROY000003070 Pike 28 Sep 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
14208		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124909 Bibb 25 Sep 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
1471		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
TROY000033829 Houston 08 Oct 2011 Senn, Whitney
88		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124910 Bibb 25 Sep 1982 Whetstone, R. David
12564		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
UNA00060881 Pike 28 Sep 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
14208		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
SAMF0005735 Perry 30 Jun 2011 Davenport, Lawrence J.
4708		 SAMF
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
UWAL0036480 Greene 28 Oct 2017 England, J. Kevin
8611		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124917 DeKalb 30 Jun 1969 Beaty, Norma J.
s.n.		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
UWAL0008277 Montgomery 01 Jul 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
22293		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AMAL00021627 Lawrence 16 Aug 2005 England, Kevin J.
553		 AMAL
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
TROY000016310 Butler 12 Oct 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
18543		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124903 Monroe 12 Sep 1997 Whetstone, R. David
18569		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
AUA000008871 Clarke 8 Sep 1971 Henley, Nancy S.
023		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
AUA000008888 Pike 28 Sep 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
14208		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
UNA00049881 s.d. Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
JSU124780 Madison 11 May 1996 Spaulding, Daniel D.
8364		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
AUA000008869 Bullock 7 Oct 1973 Wright, D.
080		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
UNA00050310 Randolph 11 Oct 1985 Nixon, Christopher F.
1378		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
SAMF0005734 Jefferson 25 Aug 2011 Davenport, Lawrence J.
4826		 SAMF
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
UNA00049879 Tuscaloosa s.d. Glenboski, Linda Leigh
71		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
JSU124775 Jefferson 23 Sep 1984 Bussey, Melanie G.
989		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
AUA000008875 Dallas 31 Aug 1976 Sessler, Ann H.
476		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
TROY000016592 Cherokee 14 Oct 2006 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12532		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (Mill.) Torrey & A. Gray
JSU124911 Calhoun 10 Sep 1995 Hruska, Susan E.
856		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
TROY000029845 Crenshaw 26 Sep 2004 West, Amanda
2		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
UNA00065108 Mobile 24 Jun 2004 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12150		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L.
TROY000003064 Barbour 29 Nov 2004 Diamond, Alvin R.
14910		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124901 Madison 22 Sep 1995 Whetstone, R. David
ss.n.		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
UWAL0043894 Baldwin 20 Sep 2002 Larsen, Harry S.
1143		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium L.
AMAL00011765 Cherokee 19 Sep 2004 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12177		 AMAL
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
AUA000008879 Elmore 11 Oct 1973 Bedwell, C.R.
305		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
JSU124906 Randolph 11 Oct 1985 Nixon, Christopher F.
1378		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
UWAL0037386 Bullock 28 Sep 2016 Soehren, Eric C.
417		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium L.
JSU124914 Clay 15 Oct 1994 Ballard, J. Mark
5285		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
JSU124919 Etowah 20 Oct 1983 Whetstone, R. David
13792		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
UNA00069764 Jackson 26 Aug 2009 Barger, T. Wayne
HC-351		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
TROY000016593 St. Clair 24 Sep 2006 Keener, Brian R.
3071		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AUA000008883 Lowndes 27 Sep 1987 Diamond, Alvin R.
3660		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
AUA000008882 Lee 26 Sep 1959 Jones, Jr., Samuel B.
 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
UNA00064324 Barbour 29 Nov 2004 Diamond, Alvin R.
14910		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L.
USAM000002889 Mobile 17 Oct 1972 LeLong, Michel G.
6866.1		 USAM
Xanthium strumarium L.
UWAL0046383 Autauga 05 Oct 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1854		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124907 St. Clair 24 Sep 1983 Beavers, Donna D.
s.n.		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
UWAL0009492 Marengo 10 Oct 2008 England, J. Kevin
1395		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium L.
AMAL00018943 St. Clair 24 Sep 2006 Keener, Brian R.
3071		 AMAL
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
JSU124908 Washington 13 Sep 1997 Whetstone, R. David
18689		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
AUA000038505 Lee 3 Oct 1971 Hocking, George M.
1049		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
SAMF0005733 Jefferson 09 Nov 1989 Green, LeAnne
79		 SAMF
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AUA000008867 Barbour 29 Nov 2004 Diamond, Alvin R.
14910		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
TROY000034123 Bullock 23 Oct 2011 Dykes, Bailee
256		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU139280 Shelby 11 Oct 1997 Spaulding, Daniel D.
10159		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
UWAL0009493 St. Clair 24 Sep 2006 Keener, Brian R.
3071		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium L.
UNA00060531 Etowah 18 Oct 1980 Williams, John S.
181		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
SAMF0005732 Jefferson 26 Sep 2006 Davenport, Lawrence J.
3596		 SAMF
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
TROY000016311 Monroe 17 Sep 2007 Diamond, Alvin R.
18152		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124912 Calhoun 5 Oct 1986 Lawler, Carol L.
1332		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
AUA000008886 Perry 8 Sep 1976 Sessler, Ann H.
576		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
TROY000016591 Cherokee 19 Sep 2004 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12177		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AUA000024475 Cherokee 19 Sep 2004 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12177		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L. Var. Glabratum (Dc.) Cronq.
TROY000003067 Jefferson 29 Sep 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
15834		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
SAMF0003035 Baldwin 03 Jun 2015 Davenport, Lawrence J.
5806		 SAMF
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AUA000008874 Crenshaw 1 Oct 1995 Diamond, Alvin R.
10032		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
UWAL0030656 Covington 10 Nov 2012 Diamond, Alvin R.
23552.1		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AMAL00011739 Mobile 24 Jun 2004 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12150		 AMAL
Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (P. Mill.) T. & G.
AUA000008865 Baldwin 26 Sep 1971 Boone, Allison
033		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
AUA000008866 Barbour 28 Nov 1972 Allen, J.D.
188		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
UNA00049875 Tuscaloosa 23 Sep 1952 Chermock, Ralph L.
s.n.		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
JSU124920 Etowah 3 Sep 1994 Hodge, Lesley M.
3467		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
AUA000008870 Choctaw 13 Sep 1994 Crouch, Virginia E.
1206		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
UNA00049880 Lee 07 Sep 1980 Latham, B.
20		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
TROY000048255 Autauga 05 Oct 2018 Parker, Matthew R.
1854		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AUA000041544 Covington 18 Oct 2012 Hansen, Curtis J.
5766		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
AUA000008891 Bibb 16 Sep 1976 Sessler, Ann H.
691		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L. Var. Canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray
TROY000032684 Montgomery 01 Jul 2011 Diamond, Alvin R.
22293		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124776 Jefferson 12 Oct 1984 Barber, J. Patrick
1220		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
UNA00049878 Tallapoosa 11 Oct 1981 Forster, Wendy R.
190		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
TROY000028507 Marengo 10 Oct 2008 England, J. Kevin
1395		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
TROY000029413 Montgomery 29 Sep 2009 Diamond, Alvin R.
20962		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
USAM000002890 Mobile 21 May 1968 LeLong, Michel G.
4610		 USAM
Xanthium strumarium L.
AUA000008876 Dallas 9 Oct 1975 Duke, J.F.
046		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
AMAL00008105 Pike 28 Sep 2003 Diamond, Alvin R.
14208		 AMAL
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
AMAL00003537 Madison 14 Sep 1996 Threlkeld, S.J.
930		 AMAL
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
SAMF0005736 Jefferson 23 Sep 2003 Davenport, Lawrence J.
2977		 SAMF
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AUA000008878 Elmore 14 Oct 1980 Bozeman, L.L.
105		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
AUA000008873 Conecuh 28 Aug 1987 Diamond, Alvin R.
S.N.		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
UNA00049873 Tuscaloosa 29 Jul 1957 Coffman, L.F.
s.n.		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L.
JSU124918 Etowah 16 Sep 1995 Hodge-Spaulding, Lesley M.
4366		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
AUA000008885 Monroe 10 Sep 1970 Moore, Harold D.
1079		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
UNA00056320 Geneva 04 Oct 1998 MacDonald, John R.
12444		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
TROY000003068 Mobile 24 Jun 2004 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12150		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (Mill.) Torrey & A. Gray
AUA000008877 Dallas 7 Sep 1970 Moore, Harold D.
848		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
AUA000008868 Bibb 20 Sep 1976 Sessler, Ann H.
753		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
TROY000043135 Covington 10 Nov 2012 Diamond, Alvin R.
23552A		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124778 Jefferson 12 Oct 1984 Barber, J. Patrick
1220		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
TROY000051512 Lawrence 16 Aug 2005 England, J. Kevin
553		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124779 Jefferson 7 Sep 1984 Barber, J. Patrick
1057		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
AUA000008864 Autauga 27 Sep 1975 Dupree, W.G.
025		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
AMAL00016351 Barbour 29 Nov 2004 Diamond, Alvin R.
14910		 AMAL
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
TROY000003066 Escambia 28 May 1995 Brittain, Cynthia L.
302		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124913 Choctaw 13 Sep 1997 Higginbotham, Jerri W.
147		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
AUA000008872 Coffee 6 Oct 1989 Diamond, Alvin R.
6486		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
AUA000008887 Pike 28 Sep 1994 Diamond, Alvin R.
9402		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
UNA00067154 St. Clair 24 Sep 2006 Keener, Brian R.
3071		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L.
JSU124915 DeKalb 1 Oct 1994 Spaulding, Daniel D.
6636		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
AUA000008890 Wilcox 10 Sep 1970 Moore, Harold D.
1124		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
UNA00049876 Greene 17 Sep 1965 Naugle, Helen E.
G 36		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray
AUA000008880 Hale 8 Sep 1970 Moore, Harold D.
892		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
SAMF0007045 Tuscaloosa 08 Oct 2020 Davenport, Lawrence J.
6789		 SAMF
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AUA000008889 Shelby 25 Sep 1977 Sessler, Ann H.
1878		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
TROY000033657 Barbour 03 Sep 2011 Morrison, Derek
61		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124777 Jefferson 12 Oct 1984 Barber, J. Patrick
1220		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
UNA00049877 Bibb 16 Sep 1985 Horn, Charles N.
941		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray
UNA00065437 Cherokee 19 Sep 2004 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12177		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L.
JSU124916 DeKalb 1 Sep 1982 Black, Randall
s.n.		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
UWAL0009491 Greene 21 Oct 1990 Layman, Steven R.
s.n.		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium L.
AMAL00007705 Pike 05 Oct 2002 Munn, Heather
6		 AMAL
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
JSU124923 Jackson 14 Oct 1975 Whetstone, R. David
7447		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
UWAL0017161 Lawrence 16 Aug 2005 England, J. Kevin
553		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
SAMF0005731 Cullman 31 Oct 1988 Ridgeway, Blanche
16		 SAMF
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AUA000008881 Jefferson 29 Sep 2005 Diamond, Alvin R.
15834		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L.
TROY000031977 Marengo 19 Sep 2010 Keener, Brian R.
6151		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU139281 Shelby 12 Oct 1996 Spaulding, Daniel D.
9332		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
UWAL0033376 Colbert 02 Oct 2016 England, J. Kevin
6905		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
UNA00049874 Hale 25 Sep 1965 Williams, Norris H.
120		 UNA
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq.
JSU124922 Jackson 18 Sep 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
1402		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. glabratum (A.P. de Candolle) Cronquist
TROY000003065 Coffee 12 Sep 1999 Martin, Brian H.
209		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
JSU124902 Marshall 27 Oct 1991 Spaulding, Daniel D.
1045		 JSU
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & Gray
UWAL0001672 Marengo 19 Sep 2010 Keener, Brian R.
6151		 UWAL
Xanthium strumarium L.
SAMF0005738 Lawrence 04 Oct 2011 Davenport, Lawrence J.
4913		 SAMF
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
AUA000008884 Mobile 24 Jun 2004 Spaulding, Daniel D.
12150		 AUA
Xanthium Strumarium L. Var. Canadense (P. Mill) T. & G.
TROY000003069 Pike 05 Oct 2002 Munn, Heather
4		 TROY
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus
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